Intergrated Labour Force Survey 2000-2001

Tanzania, 2000 - 2001

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Reference ID

TZA-NBS-ILFS-2000-2001V01

Producer(s)

NATIONAL BURAU OF STATISTICS

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Jul 28, 2024

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Jul 28, 2024

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Identification

Survey ID number

TZA-NBS-ILFS-2000-2001V01

Title

Intergrated Labour Force Survey 2000-2001

Country

Name	Country code
TANZANIA	TZA

Study type

Child Labor Survey [hh/cls]

Series Information

Labour Force Survey (LFS) in National dates back to 1965 when the first survey was conducted through support by Ford Foundation to the Government of the United Republic of National. Only Mainland Tanzania was covered. The aim of the survey was to provide benchmark data, both qualitative and quantitative, on some of the characteristics of the labour supply with a view of formulating Government's training and employment policies geared to self sufficiency in manpower by the year 1970.

In 1990/91 the Government conducted the second Labour Force Survey in order to respond to the persistent need for the labour market information. The coverage was Mainland Tanzania.

The 2000/01 Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS) is the first comprehensive integrated survey of its kind since independence. The survey is comprised of three modules: the general Labour Force, Child Labour and Informal Sector. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) was contracted by the Ministry of Labour, Youth Development and Sports (MOLYDS) to conduct the survey. Initial preparations for the survey started in January 2000 and the memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the NBS and MOLYDS was signed in April 2000. The coverage was also Mainland Tanzania.

Abstract

The survey covered individuals aged five years and above living in private households. Individuals
living in institutions such as hospitals, army barracks, prisons, etc. were excluded from the survey.
Also excluded were households of diplomatic personnel accredited to Tanzania. Data were
collected for a period of twelve months on a quarterly basis. This was aimed at capturing seasonal
variations since the economic activities on Mainland Tanzania particularly in the rural areas show
seasonal variations. Data collection started in May 2000 and continued until 30th April 2001, with
approximately equal numbers of households being covered each quarter. Processing of data started
as soon as forms were received from the field. Clean final data were produced during the second
week of July 2001 and report writing started immediately. For analysis purposes it was decided to
take 10 years and above in order to make the results compared with those of the 1990/91 Labour
Force Survey. Those who fell in the age group 5 – 9 were covered in the child labour report, which
analysed all persons aged 5 – 17 years

The broad objective of the Integrated Labour Force Survey is to obtain comprehensive data on the current status of National Labour Market. Broadly the survey provides base line data on the socio-economic characteristics of the labour force, informal sector activities and activities of the child population in National for use in planning, policy implementation, monitoring and evaluation of government programmes aimed at improving the livelihood of the population and status of children.

The specific objectives are as follows:

(i) To measure the extent of unemployment and underemployment in the country
(ii) To provide measures of both current and usual economic activities
(iii) To obtain a measure of the size of employment in the informal sector
(iv) To provide a measure of cash income from non- agricultural employment of all types
(v) To collect information on the character, nature, size and reasons for having child labour in Tanzania, and to determine conditions of work and their effects on the normal development of working children
(vi) Create a Database on Child Labour in the country which will be updated as fresh statistical information becomes available through surveys and administrative records
To identify and measure changes that have taken place since the last survey.

Kind of Data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Unit of Analysis

Household and individuals

Version

Version Description

Version v0.1

Version Date

2002-01

Scope

Notes

The scope of child labour survey
household -EARNINGS AND HOURS OF WORK , LIST OF ALL USUAL RESIDENTS ,HOUSE HOLD ECONOMIC ,FULLY/UNDER EMPLOYED, Identification:

Topics

Topic	Vocabulary	URI
LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT [3]	CESSDA

Keywords

LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT [3]

Coverage

Geographic Coverage

TANZANIA MAINLAND

Geographic Unit

CLUSTER

Universe

individuals aged five years and above living in private households

Producers and sponsors

Primary investigators

Name	Affiliation
NATIONAL BURAU OF STATISTICS	MINISTRY OF FINANCE

Producers

Name	Role
MINISTRY OF LABOUR YOUTH DEVELOPEMENT AND SPORTS	Technical Assistance

Funding Agency/Sponsor

Name	Role
DANISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY	financing this survey
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION	financing this survey

Other Identifications/Acknowledgments

Name	Role
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS
MINSTRY OF LABOUR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AND SPORTS
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION	financing this survey

Sampling

Sampling Procedure

Frame of the Sample

The sampling frame for the current NMS is based on the preliminary results of the 1988 population census. For the 2000/01 ILFS the primary sampling unit (PSU) was the village for the rural and EA for urban areas respectively. A probability proportional to size without replacement (ppswor) - systematic sampling procedure was used for the selection of PSU. About two months before the commencement of the field work a household listing exercise was done from mid February 2000 to mid March 2000 on the NMS clusters taking about two weeks. All households within each cluster were listed. The household listings gave the sampling frame of households for each cluster.

All listed sample clusters were sent to the NBS headquarters for household selection. The lists of households were aggregated into three sizes of household members.

Like in 1990/91, this survey has included urban agriculture, livestock keeping and fishing in the definition to enable data comparison of the two surveys.

The working definition for the 2000/01 Survey slightly differs from the one used in 1990/91 in that while in the former survey all informal sector activities had to have a maximum of five paid employees, in the last survey, the number of paid employees in the construction, manufacturing and mining sectors was raised to a maximum of 10 paid employees. The remaining sectors had a maximum of five paid employees, like in 1990/91.

4.2 Sample Size

(a) Rural sample
For the rural sample two villages were selected from each of the 50 super strata. This gave a total of 100 villages. From each selected village a sample of 80 households was drawn and for each household size the following allocation was done:

Table 4.1: Rural Sample: Selected Households According to Household Size
Household size Selected households
1 - 4 26
5 - 7 27
8+ 27
Total 80

The allocation was 20 households per quarter. This was done by dividing each group of household size by 4 to get the number of households to be interviewed per household size for each quarter, and this depended on the number of households per household size.

(b) Urban sample
A total of 122 urban enumeration areas were selected using systematic sampling procedure. The EAs were then allocated per income level as follows;

High income EAs ( clusters) - 35 households
Middle income clusters - 33 households
Low income clusters - 30 households

Survey instrument

Questionnaires

The questionnaire design is, of course, a key activity in any survey. The 2000/01 ILFS questionnaire design was relatively simple given that it had all features of the 1990/91 labour force survey questionnaire, except that one copy of the new questionnaire can accommodate up to five members of a household instead of one. Two additional questionnaires CLS1 and CLS2 were included in the 2000/01 survey in order to collect information relating to child labour. Major innovations made to the questionnaire by the technical committee before its final version was printed are as follows:

The statement “list of all members of the household” on LFS1 questionnaire in column 2 was added.

The wording of question no 56 was changed to: “Are the benefits/earnings from this work appropriate in terms of hours under normal circumstances”.

Coding of Question 3.1 in CLS1 under the less than 3 hours was split into two separate codes as follows:-
Less than 1 hour each day and
1 - 2 hours, each day.
The reason being that the period was too long to capture information of working children.

More questions on informal sector were recommended and it was agreed to include
them in the final questionnaire
Pilot test of the Questionnaire

Pilot test of the questionnaire was conducted in Bagamoyo from 15/02/2000 to 25/02/2000. However, preparation for the fieldwork started two weeks before the pilot test. Special
permission was obtained from the Pwani Regional Administrative Office. Sensitization in Pilot areas started immediately after District and village officials were consulted.

Training of the LFS/CLS pilot test field personnel took place at the Bagamoyo MANTEP Institute from 15th February 2000 to 24th February 2000. The training included thorough classroom mock interviews and field practice at Kilomo village and Dunda enumeration area. The pilot survey management staff (all from NBS) included five subject matter specialists as trainers and 12 potential supervisors as trainees. Trainees were provided with instruction manuals in Kiswahili and were exposed to interview techniques, consistency checks and adherence to skip patterns.

Printing of Questionnaires

During the first week of April 2000, about 4,500 questionnaires were printed to cover the requirement for training of interviewers and first quarter enumeration exercise. Additional 13,200 questionnaires were printed to cover the requirement of the second, third and fourth quarters of the survey. All printing activities were done at the census printing unit and this helped speed up delivery of the first batch of questionnaires and instruction manuals

Data collection

Dates of Data Collection

Start	End
2000	2001

Time Method

Data collection started in May 2000 and continued until 30th April 2001,

Time periods

Start date	End date
2000	2001

Data Collection Mode

Face-to-face [f2f]

Data Collectors

Name	Affiliation
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS	MINISTRY OF FINANCE

Supervision

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

Data Collection Notes

Training of Trainers

A Training session for Trainers for the Integrated Labour Force Survey was held at Kibaha from 4th April to 9th April 2000. Two-core secretariats from the Statistics Unit in the Ministry of Labour, Youth Development and Sports were the main trainers. A total of 35 participants from The National Bureau of Statistics, Planning Commission and the Statistics Unit of the Ministry of Labour, Youth Development and Sports attended the seminar. The training session, which consisted of classroom lectures, discussions and practical programmes, comprised of the following:
Background and objectives of the ILFS in National
Responsibilities of supervisors and enumerators
Methods of filling in the questionnaires
Field practicals

During the fieldwork practicals, trainees were taken to the nearby urban and rural areas, where prior appointments had been made with the households to be interviewed, one or two days before the interviews. Few problems were encountered during training, which led to changing the layout of the questionnaire.

It was recommended that all surveys conducted by the NBS should have standard definitions and uniform concepts such as those related to Household definition, Literacy, Education level, Marital status, etc, in order to allow for comparison.

Data processing

Data Editing

Manual editing and coding

The Editing Manual was prepared and a special training session of five days was conducted from 24th July to 28th July 2000 to train editors.

A team of eight persons including subject matter officers was formed to undertake manual editing and coding of the questionnaires received from the regions. A special procedure for receiving questionnaires from the regions was set up. One person was assigned the task of recording the questionnaires as they arrived from different regions.

The ILFS questionnaire was very complex and required considerable diligence in editing and coding.

Major tasks of editors and coders were: -

To check if all questionnaires of a household were present.
To check each questionnaire for completeness, and make imputation if necessary.
To code for TASCO, ISIC and Subject of Training in all relevant questions.
To check “other” categories in questions to see if they could be re-allocated to a specific category.
To check sequence, completeness and consistency in both Labour Force (1990/91 and 2000/01) general questionnaire and child labour questions.

In general the manual editors and coders did not do their work well. Many errors were spotted later during computer edits. As a result the Computer editors took considerable time cleaning the data.

Frequencies and Checks of Data

Frequency tables of all the questions were prepared after the completion of data cleaning activity for each Quarter. These frequency tables assisted in locating and detecting extra errors, which were relatively much fewer. Although using QUICKTAB - a component of
IMPS application could produce frequency tables, however, all tables were produced using an SPSS package.

Extensive series of computer edits using IMPS-CONCOR a component of IMPS application was found to be more efficient and time saving than other types of edits. Several cycles were necessary before each quarter was clear of errors. Editing on the screen was faster and enabled one to edit several types of errors at once. Frequencies of all questions and table checks were run as soon as data cleaning was over. This facilitated locating unusual values, which were not picked up by computer edits.

Table 8.2: Summary of some results obtained from the frequency tables of the cleaned data for the four quarters
Descriptions Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No. of clusters involved 133 132 130 127
No. of House-holds interviewed 2,982 2,984 2,892 2,824
Fully responding House-holds 2,963 2,874 2,757 2,664
Not fully responded 119 110 135 160
No. of Household members 16,256 16,261 15,478 14,744
Average Household size 5.68 5.66 5.61 5.53
Percentage non- response 4.00 3.70 4.70 5.70

Some unusual results that were spotted are as follows:

There were “professionals “ with average monthly income as low as shs. 3,500/=
Persons employed in Central /Local Government with Monthly income below shs. 1000/= were spotted.
All the unusual values were crosschecked on the original questionnaires and necessary changes were made to rectify them.

8.5 Data Processing and Tabulation

Tabulation was done using a statistical package called SPSS. This package stores data files in fixed record length formats. Information from different sections of the survey questionnaires was stored in one ASCII file. Record types distinguish the different sections that had varying record lengths. So the ASCII file was divided into eight ASCII files each with a fixed record length. These were later exported into SPSS format together with the sampling weight file.

Note that under the recommendations of the computer experts, the SPSS and not the CENTS - a component of IMPS software was applied in the tabulation and analysis due to the problem of round off of the weighting program. Using SPSS minimized this problem. Some of the Tables produced in SPSS needed some improvements. Therefore they were copied into MS EXCEL worksheets and customized.

The process of deriving variables and merging files required for tabulation was done using an SPSS program (called lfs01-9.sps). Problems of missing values were encountered in derived variables. Modifying and improving the definitions was solved by the subject matter experts. In addition to that some variables had many categories or values which generated long tables. This problem was solved by deriving variables that group together the individual categories or variables.

Data appraisal

Estimates of Sampling Error

The sampling procedure for both the urban and rural samples suggests good estimates at national, and cluster levels. Regional estimates can also be worked out. For urban sample it is possible to get estimates for the three domains of study, i.e. Dar Es Salaam city, nine municipalities and other towns. Estimation of individual towns and households' sizes can also be obtained by some imputation methods

Access policy

Confidentiality

Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required?	Confidentiality declaration text
yes	Confidentiality of respodents is guaranteed by section 20 of Tanzania Statistics act number 1 of 2002 Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have formally agree: 1.all identifying information such as the name and address of respondent has been removed; and 2.the information is disclosed in a manner that is not likely to enable the identification of the particular person or undertaking or business to which it relates. 3.not attempt to identify any particular person or undertaking or business; 4.use of information for research or statistically purpose only; 5.not to disclose the information to any other person, organization 6.when required by the Director General, return all documents made available to him to the Director General; 7.comply with the directions given by the Director General relating to the records. 8.every person involved in the research or statistical project for which information is disclosed pursuant to this section shall make the declaration of secrecy set out in the first schedule.

Access conditions

The dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1.The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the National Bureau of Statistics.
2.The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3.No attempt will be made to produce links among dataset provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, or among data from the (National Bureau of Statistics) and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations
4.No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identify of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Bureau of Statistics.
5.Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.

Citation requirements

"NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS, INTEGRATED LABOUR FORCE SURVEY 2000-2001(ILFS 2000-2001) VERSION 1.0 OF THE PUBLIC USE DATASET(JANUARY 2002) PROVIDED BY NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS, www.nbs.go.tz"

Access authority

Name	Affiliation	URL	Email
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS	MINISTRY OF FINANCE		info@ nbs.go.tz

Distributor information

Distributor

Organization name
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

Disclaimer and copyrights

Disclaimer

The user of the data should acknowledges that, National Bureau of Statistics is the original collector of the data , the authorised distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences without a written agreement from the National Bureau of Statistics"

Contacts

Name	Affiliation	Email	URL
DIRECTOR GENERAL	NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS	dg@nbs.go.tz

Metadata production

DDI Document ID

TZA -NBS-ILSF-2000-2001v01

Producers

Name	Affiliation	Role
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS	MINISTRY OF FINANCE	DATA PRODUCER
MINISTRY OF LABOUR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AND SPORTS		TECHINICAL ASSISTANCE

Date of Metadata Production

2010-01-07

Metadata version

DDI Document version

Version 1.0

Back to Catalog

Intergrated Labour Force Survey 2000-2001

Tanzania, 2000 - 2001

Identification

Version

Scope

The scope of child labour survey household -EARNINGS AND HOURS OF WORK , LIST OF ALL USUAL RESIDENTS ,HOUSE HOLD ECONOMIC ,FULLY/UNDER EMPLOYED, Identification:

Coverage

Producers and sponsors

Sampling

Survey instrument

Data collection

Data processing

Data appraisal

Access policy

Distributor information

Disclaimer and copyrights

Contacts

Metadata production

Metadata version

The scope of child labour survey
household -EARNINGS AND HOURS OF WORK , LIST OF ALL USUAL RESIDENTS ,HOUSE HOLD ECONOMIC ,FULLY/UNDER EMPLOYED, Identification: