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Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2012

Tanzania, 2012
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TZA-NBS-CENSUS-2012-v01
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National Bureau of Statistics, Office of The Chief Government Statistician
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Questionnaires
2012 Population Census Questionnaire(s) - Short Questionairre
External link
2012 Population Census Questionnaire(s) - Long Questionairre
External link
Reports
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
External link
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics(NBS) Office of Chief Government Statistician(OCGS)
Date 2014-04-01
Country Tanzania
Language english
Description Chapter One presents an overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census. The Chapter highlights the brief history of census undertaking in the country, the main objective of undertaking the 2012 PHC, preparation and execution of census activities and highlights challenges associated with age data in most developing countries including Tanzania.

Chapter Two gives a user of this publication an understanding on the size, growth and distribution of Tanzania population from the 2012 PHC and previous censuses.

Chapter Three is about age and sex profile of the Tanzanian population. Household composition is explained in Chapter Four. Chapter Five reveals that marriage is almost universal in the country. Chapter Six reveals that 99 percent of the enumerated population were Tanzanians. Chapter Seven is about survival of parents. Chapter Eight reveals that one (1) percent of total private households in Tanzania reported to have at least one former member of the household who was living abroad, and that Tanzania had a total of 421,456 Diasporas in 2012.

Chapter Nine gives Census results on literacy and education. Chapter Eleven deals with disability. Information on Housing conditions, assets and amenities are elaborated in Chapter Twelve.
Abstract The 2012 Tanzania Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile provides a short descriptive analysis and related tables on main thematic areas covered in the 2012 Population and Housing
Census. Areas covered are population size; growth and distribution; age and sex profile; household composition; marital status; citizenship; birth registration and disability. Other topics are survival of parents; education and literacy; economic activity; housing conditions; household assets and amenities; agriculture and livestock; fertility and mortality. In many cases, characteristics have been disaggregated by location (rural and urban) and where possible comparisons have been made with past Census(es) to observe the trend over time. Related tables are presented in a separate publication (Detailed Statistical Tables for National Basic Demographic and Socio-EconomicProfile - Volume IIID).The new topics that were covered in 2012 PHC for the first time since 1967 which was the first Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar were; Birth Registration, Agriculture and Livestock, Day Population, Diaspora, Social Security Schemes, Refuse Disposal, Cause of Death and Maternal Health.
Table of contents Contents Page

Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................i
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ iii
Summary of Key Indicators for Tanzania, Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census
.........................................................................................................................................ix
List of Tables..................................................................................................................................xix
List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................xxv
List of Maps .............................................................................................................................. xxviii
List of Abbreviations....................................................................................................................xxix
Concepts and Definitions..............................................................................................................xxx
Chapter One.....................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census...............................................................1
1.1 What is a Population Census?...........................................................................................1
1.1.1 A Brief History of Census Undertaking in Tanzania........................................................1
1.2 Objective of the 2012 PHC...............................................................................................2
1.3 Preparations for the 2012 PHC.........................................................................................2
1.3.1 Legal Framework..............................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Census Organization.........................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Development of Census Instruments................................................................................4
1.3.4 Cartographic Work ...........................................................................................................5
1.3.5 Pilot Census......................................................................................................................6
1.3.6 Census Publicity and Advocacy Campaign ......................................................................6
1.4 Census Enumeration Activities.........................................................................................7
1.4.1 Recruitment and Training .................................................................................................8
1.4.2 Other Preparations for Enumeration .................................................................................8
1.4.3 Enumeration......................................................................................................................8
1.4.4 Post Field Enumeration Activities..................................................................................10
1.5 Data Processing...............................................................................................................10
1.6 Quality Assurance Procedures........................................................................................11
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xv
Chapter Two ..................................................................................................................................12
Population Size, Growth and Distribution..................................................................................12
2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................12
2.2 Enumerated Population by Record Type ........................................................................12
2.3 Population Size and Growth ...........................................................................................15
Chapter Three ...............................................................................................................................21
Age and Sex Profile .......................................................................................................................21
3.1 Quality of Age and Sex Data ..........................................................................................21
3.2 Age and Sex Profile ........................................................................................................22
3.2.1 Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups ........................................................22
3.2.2 Population Pyramid.........................................................................................................24
3.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups...........................................................27
3.3.1 Young Population (0-14 Years)......................................................................................29
3.3.2 Youth Population (15-24 Years).....................................................................................29
3.3.3 Working Age Population (15-64 Years).........................................................................31
3.3.4 Elderly Population ..........................................................................................................32
3.3.5 Age Dependency Ratio ...................................................................................................33
Chapter Four .................................................................................................................................35
Household Composition................................................................................................................35
4.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................35
4.2 Number of Households...................................................................................................35
4.3 Average Household Size.................................................................................................38
4.4 Household Headship.......................................................................................................41
Chapter Five ..................................................................................................................................43
Marital Status................................................................................................................................43
5.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................43
5.2 Marital Status..................................................................................................................43
5.3 Mean Age at First Marriage............................................................................................50
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xvi
Chapter Six ....................................................................................................................................54
Citizenship and Birth Registration..............................................................................................54
6.1 Citizenship ......................................................................................................................54
6.2 Birth Certificate ..............................................................................................................55
6.3 Birth Registration............................................................................................................55
Chapter Seven................................................................................................................................58
Survival of Parents........................................................................................................................58
7.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................58
7.2 Survival of Parents..........................................................................................................58
7.3 Orphans in Tanzania .......................................................................................................67
Chapter Eight ................................................................................................................................70
Diaspora ........................................................................................................................................70
8.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................70
8.2 Number of Persons Living in Diaspora ..........................................................................70
Chapter Nine..................................................................................................................................76
Literacy and Education ................................................................................................................76
9.1 Literacy ...........................................................................................................................76
9.1.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................76
9.1.2 Literacy Status in Tanzania.............................................................................................76
9.1.3 Adult Literacy.................................................................................................................79
9.2 Education ........................................................................................................................88
9.2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................88
9.2.2 School Attendance Status ...............................................................................................88
9.2.3 Net and Gross School Enrolment....................................................................................93
9.2.4 Education Attainment .....................................................................................................99
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xvii
Chapter Ten.................................................................................................................................101
Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................101
10.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................101
10.2 Usual Economic Activity..............................................................................................101
10.3 Current Economic Activity...........................................................................................107
10.4 Employment Status.......................................................................................................112
10.5 Main Occupation...........................................................................................................114
10.6 Main Industry................................................................................................................118
Chapter Eleven ............................................................................................................................122
Disability ......................................................................................................................................122
11.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................122
11.2 Persons with Disabilities (Five Year Age Groups).......................................................122
11.2.1 Population with Albinism.............................................................................................125
11.3 Persons with Disabilities (Ten Year Age Groups)........................................................127
Chapter Twelve ...........................................................................................................................132
Housing Conditions, Household Assets and Amenities............................................................132
12.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................132
12.2 Ownership Status of the Main Dwelling Used by the Household ................................132
12.3 Legal Right of Ownership of Land where Main Dwelling is Located .........................133
12.4 Building Materials for Roofing.....................................................................................134
12.5 Building Materials for Flooring....................................................................................136
12.6 Building Materials for Walls........................................................................................138
12.7 Rooms for Sleeping ......................................................................................................140
12.8 Source of Drinking Water.............................................................................................143
12.9 Source of Energy ..........................................................................................................147
12.9.1 Source of Energy for Cooking....................................................................................147
12.9.2 Source of Energy for Lighting....................................................................................150
12.10 Type of Toilet Facility ..................................................................................................155
12.11 Refuse Disposal ............................................................................................................158
12.12 Ownership of Assets.....................................................................................................160
12.13 Social Security Schemes...............................................................................................165
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xviii
Chapter Thirteen.........................................................................................................................167
Agriculture and Livestock ..........................................................................................................167
13.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................167
13.2 Households Engaged in Agriculture ...............................................................................................167
13.3 Livestock and Poultry .................................................................................................................170
13.4 Fish Farming.............................................................................................................................180
References.....................................................................................................................................182

Annexes: Questionnaires.....................................................................................................................183
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/index.php/en/census-surveys/population-and-housing-census
2012 PHC: Population Distribution by Administrative Areas
External link
Description The General Report on Population Distribution by Administrative Units is the first of a series of publications planned for the 2012 PHC. The main purpose of the report is to give aggregated totals of population by sex. The report also provide number of households, average household size, population densities, average annual inter-censal growth rates and sex ratios. Levels of aggregation are national, regional, district council and ward/shehia.
The 2012 PHC revealed that, the population of Tanzania has grown from 12,313,469 persons in the 1967 Census to 44,928,923 persons counted in 2012. Dar es Salaam accounts for 10 percent of the total Tanzania Mainland population
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Census_General_Report.zip
PHC 2012: Population Distribution by Age and Sex Report
External link
Description The Population Distribution by Age and Sex Report is the second in a series of publications earmarked for 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC). The Report presents aggregated totals of the population by age and sex at national, regional and district or council levels.
The Population Distribution by Age and Sex information is critical for the implementation of national policies and programmes. Moreover, information on age and sex is essential in the analysis of demographic determinants of population change such as fertility, mortality and migration.

The data depicts a young population age structure, with 43.9 percent of the population aged below 15 years, and 3.9 percent aged 65 years and above. The pattern is similar to that of Tanzania Mainland, that is, 43.9 percent for those below 15 years of age and 3.9 percent for those aged 65 years and above. However, in Tanzania Zanzibar those below 15 years of age accounted for 42.5 percent of the population and those aged 65 years and above were 2.8 percent of the population. The median age of the Tanzania’s population is 18 years. The results also depict a higher percentage of females compared to males in almost all age groups, except below 10 years, 50 – 54 and 55 – 59 years.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Age_Sex_Distribution_Report.zip
PHC 2012: Population Distribution by Age and Sex Report
External link
Description The Population Distribution by Age and Sex Report is the second in a series of publications earmarked for 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC). The Report presents aggregated totals of the population by age and sex at national, regional and district or council levels.
The Population Distribution by Age and Sex information is critical for the implementation of national policies and programmes. Moreover, information on age and sex is essential in the analysis of demographic determinants of population change such as fertility, mortality and migration.

The data depicts a young population age structure, with 43.9 percent of the population aged below 15 years, and 3.9 percent aged 65 years and above. The pattern is similar to that of Tanzania Mainland, that is, 43.9 percent for those below 15 years of age and 3.9 percent for those aged 65 years and above. However, in Tanzania Zanzibar those below 15 years of age accounted for 42.5 percent of the population and those aged 65 years and above were 2.8 percent of the population. The median age of the Tanzania’s population is 18 years. The results also depict a higher percentage of females compared to males in almost all age groups, except below 10 years, 50 – 54 and 55 – 59 years.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Age_Sex_Distribution_Report.zip
2012 PHC: Housing condition, Household amenities and Assets Monograph
External link
Description Housing Condition, Household Amenities and Assets Monograph
The Housing Condition, Household Amenities and Assets report focuses on household composition, housing characteristics, distribution and ownership of dwelling units and land ownership. Other aspects which are included in this report are housing quality with respect to main building materials used, availability of social amenities such as main sources of drinking water, toilet facilities, form of waste disposal and energy used for lighting and cooking. Other issues include; ownership of household assets and membership of social security schemes.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Housing_Condition_Monograph.zip
2012 PHC: Migration and Urbanisation Monograph
External link
Description Tanzania is among the few African countries which take migration data since it conducted the first census in 1948. However, since 1967 most of the migration data collected was by place of birth and residence which capture mostly lifetime migrants and current migrants. The volume of people involved in migration has been increasing with time because most people would like to improve their means of livelihood. This increase in migration has changed the sex dimensions in migration processes. The censuses from 1948-2002 indicated a dominance of males in migration which drastically changed in the 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC).
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Migration_and_Urbanisation_Monograph.zip
2012 PHC: Fertility and Nuptiality Monograph
External link
Description Nuptiality and Fertility monograph of the 2012 Population and Housing Census provides a detailed analysis on nuptiality and fertility status as collected from the Census.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Fertility_and_Nuptiality_Monograph.zip
2012 PHC: Economic Activity Monograph
External link
Description The 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC) has the Economic Activity as one of its important monographs which are published along with general census results.
The monograph serves as a means of providing deep analysis of specific sub themes of the population characteristics which are likely to receive less attention in the general census results.

This Economic Activity Monograph is based on the economically active population. The results included in this monograph will be of great value to planners and policy makers in the field of labour market in Tanzania.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Economic_Activity_Monograph.zip
2012 PHC: Mortality and Health Monograph
External link
Description The Mortality and Health Monograph provides in-depth analysis of the level, trend and pattern of mortality in Tanzania. Specifically, it analyses and provides information on infant, child, under-five, adult and maternal mortality indicators using data from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC). Where data allows, comparisons are made with estimates from previous censuses, other sources as well as with other countries. The information is presented at national level then disaggregated by the area of Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar, rural and urban. It is also disaggregated by the 30 administrative regions in the country (25 in Tanzania Mainland and 5 in Tanzania Zanzibar). In general the analysis presented in this report shows that there was a decline in mortality as compared to the previous census.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Mortality_and_Health_Monograph.pdf
2012 PHC: Shapefiles - level one and two
External link
Description The 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC) of Tanzania was preceded by the preparatory geographic work, which involved field visiting of all regions, districts, wards/shehia, villages/mitaa, localities and sub-villages in the country, primarily to create and delineate Enumeration Area boundaries (EAs) so as to produce maps required for census operations. The most important principle followed in delineating an EA was that under no circumstance should an EA overlap the existing administrative boundaries of regions, districts, wards/shehia or villages/mitaa. Adherence to this principle was necessary since the census results were to be presented at the level of these administrative units.

The EA boundaries and important features collected during the field mapping work were annotated on field maps, which were later digitized to facilitate automated production of census maps required for enumeration process. The digital process of census maps subsequently enabled development of a geographical information database, which contains polygons (commonly referred to as shape-files) and related information.

The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) intends to provide a geo-database with spatial and non-spatial information at five levels of geography, to facilitate presentation of data from censuses and other surveys. These levels are regional (level one), district (level two), ward/shehia (level three), villages/mitaa (level four) and enumeration areas (level five). Levels one and two have been put onto the NBS website in June, 2013 for use by various stakeholders, and the web-page will be updated to include other levels of shapefiles when they are ready for use. It should be kept in mind that, the shapefiles are intended for statistical uses only.
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/references/GIS_Maps.zip
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
External link
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics(NBS) Office of Chief Government Statistician(OCGS)
Date 2014-04-01
Country Tanzania
Language english
Description Chapter One presents an overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census. The Chapter highlights the brief history of census undertaking in the country, the main objective of undertaking the 2012 PHC, preparation and execution of census activities and highlights challenges associated with age data in most developing countries including Tanzania.

Chapter Two gives a user of this publication an understanding on the size, growth and distribution of Tanzania population from the 2012 PHC and previous censuses.

Chapter Three is about age and sex profile of the Tanzanian population. Household composition is explained in Chapter Four. Chapter Five reveals that marriage is almost universal in the country. Chapter Six reveals that 99 percent of the enumerated population were Tanzanians. Chapter Seven is about survival of parents. Chapter Eight reveals that one (1) percent of total private households in Tanzania reported to have at least one former member of the household who was living abroad, and that Tanzania had a total of 421,456 Diasporas in 2012.

Chapter Nine gives Census results on literacy and education. Chapter Eleven deals with disability. Information on Housing conditions, assets and amenities are elaborated in Chapter Twelve.
Abstract The 2012 Tanzania Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile provides a short descriptive analysis and related tables on main thematic areas covered in the 2012 Population and Housing
Census. Areas covered are population size; growth and distribution; age and sex profile; household composition; marital status; citizenship; birth registration and disability. Other topics are survival of parents; education and literacy; economic activity; housing conditions; household assets and amenities; agriculture and livestock; fertility and mortality. In many cases, characteristics have been disaggregated by location (rural and urban) and where possible comparisons have been made with past Census(es) to observe the trend over time. Related tables are presented in a separate publication (Detailed Statistical Tables for National Basic Demographic and Socio-EconomicProfile - Volume IIID).The new topics that were covered in 2012 PHC for the first time since 1967 which was the first Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar were; Birth Registration, Agriculture and Livestock, Day Population, Diaspora, Social Security Schemes, Refuse Disposal, Cause of Death and Maternal Health.
Table of contents Contents Page

Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................i
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ iii
Summary of Key Indicators for Tanzania, Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census
.........................................................................................................................................ix
List of Tables..................................................................................................................................xix
List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................xxv
List of Maps .............................................................................................................................. xxviii
List of Abbreviations....................................................................................................................xxix
Concepts and Definitions..............................................................................................................xxx
Chapter One.....................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census...............................................................1
1.1 What is a Population Census?...........................................................................................1
1.1.1 A Brief History of Census Undertaking in Tanzania........................................................1
1.2 Objective of the 2012 PHC...............................................................................................2
1.3 Preparations for the 2012 PHC.........................................................................................2
1.3.1 Legal Framework..............................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Census Organization.........................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Development of Census Instruments................................................................................4
1.3.4 Cartographic Work ...........................................................................................................5
1.3.5 Pilot Census......................................................................................................................6
1.3.6 Census Publicity and Advocacy Campaign ......................................................................6
1.4 Census Enumeration Activities.........................................................................................7
1.4.1 Recruitment and Training .................................................................................................8
1.4.2 Other Preparations for Enumeration .................................................................................8
1.4.3 Enumeration......................................................................................................................8
1.4.4 Post Field Enumeration Activities..................................................................................10
1.5 Data Processing...............................................................................................................10
1.6 Quality Assurance Procedures........................................................................................11
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xv
Chapter Two ..................................................................................................................................12
Population Size, Growth and Distribution..................................................................................12
2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................12
2.2 Enumerated Population by Record Type ........................................................................12
2.3 Population Size and Growth ...........................................................................................15
Chapter Three ...............................................................................................................................21
Age and Sex Profile .......................................................................................................................21
3.1 Quality of Age and Sex Data ..........................................................................................21
3.2 Age and Sex Profile ........................................................................................................22
3.2.1 Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups ........................................................22
3.2.2 Population Pyramid.........................................................................................................24
3.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups...........................................................27
3.3.1 Young Population (0-14 Years)......................................................................................29
3.3.2 Youth Population (15-24 Years).....................................................................................29
3.3.3 Working Age Population (15-64 Years).........................................................................31
3.3.4 Elderly Population ..........................................................................................................32
3.3.5 Age Dependency Ratio ...................................................................................................33
Chapter Four .................................................................................................................................35
Household Composition................................................................................................................35
4.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................35
4.2 Number of Households...................................................................................................35
4.3 Average Household Size.................................................................................................38
4.4 Household Headship.......................................................................................................41
Chapter Five ..................................................................................................................................43
Marital Status................................................................................................................................43
5.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................43
5.2 Marital Status..................................................................................................................43
5.3 Mean Age at First Marriage............................................................................................50
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xvi
Chapter Six ....................................................................................................................................54
Citizenship and Birth Registration..............................................................................................54
6.1 Citizenship ......................................................................................................................54
6.2 Birth Certificate ..............................................................................................................55
6.3 Birth Registration............................................................................................................55
Chapter Seven................................................................................................................................58
Survival of Parents........................................................................................................................58
7.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................58
7.2 Survival of Parents..........................................................................................................58
7.3 Orphans in Tanzania .......................................................................................................67
Chapter Eight ................................................................................................................................70
Diaspora ........................................................................................................................................70
8.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................70
8.2 Number of Persons Living in Diaspora ..........................................................................70
Chapter Nine..................................................................................................................................76
Literacy and Education ................................................................................................................76
9.1 Literacy ...........................................................................................................................76
9.1.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................76
9.1.2 Literacy Status in Tanzania.............................................................................................76
9.1.3 Adult Literacy.................................................................................................................79
9.2 Education ........................................................................................................................88
9.2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................88
9.2.2 School Attendance Status ...............................................................................................88
9.2.3 Net and Gross School Enrolment....................................................................................93
9.2.4 Education Attainment .....................................................................................................99
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xvii
Chapter Ten.................................................................................................................................101
Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................101
10.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................101
10.2 Usual Economic Activity..............................................................................................101
10.3 Current Economic Activity...........................................................................................107
10.4 Employment Status.......................................................................................................112
10.5 Main Occupation...........................................................................................................114
10.6 Main Industry................................................................................................................118
Chapter Eleven ............................................................................................................................122
Disability ......................................................................................................................................122
11.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................122
11.2 Persons with Disabilities (Five Year Age Groups).......................................................122
11.2.1 Population with Albinism.............................................................................................125
11.3 Persons with Disabilities (Ten Year Age Groups)........................................................127
Chapter Twelve ...........................................................................................................................132
Housing Conditions, Household Assets and Amenities............................................................132
12.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................132
12.2 Ownership Status of the Main Dwelling Used by the Household ................................132
12.3 Legal Right of Ownership of Land where Main Dwelling is Located .........................133
12.4 Building Materials for Roofing.....................................................................................134
12.5 Building Materials for Flooring....................................................................................136
12.6 Building Materials for Walls........................................................................................138
12.7 Rooms for Sleeping ......................................................................................................140
12.8 Source of Drinking Water.............................................................................................143
12.9 Source of Energy ..........................................................................................................147
12.9.1 Source of Energy for Cooking....................................................................................147
12.9.2 Source of Energy for Lighting....................................................................................150
12.10 Type of Toilet Facility ..................................................................................................155
12.11 Refuse Disposal ............................................................................................................158
12.12 Ownership of Assets.....................................................................................................160
12.13 Social Security Schemes...............................................................................................165
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xviii
Chapter Thirteen.........................................................................................................................167
Agriculture and Livestock ..........................................................................................................167
13.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................167
13.2 Households Engaged in Agriculture ...............................................................................................167
13.3 Livestock and Poultry .................................................................................................................170
13.4 Fish Farming.............................................................................................................................180
References.....................................................................................................................................182

Annexes: Questionnaires.....................................................................................................................183
Download https://www.nbs.go.tz/index.php/en/census-surveys/population-and-housing-census
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
External link
Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics(NBS) Office of Chief Government Statistician(OCGS)
Date 2014-04-01
Country Tanzania
Language english
Description Chapter One presents an overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census. The Chapter highlights the brief history of census undertaking in the country, the main objective of undertaking the 2012 PHC, preparation and execution of census activities and highlights challenges associated with age data in most developing countries including Tanzania.

Chapter Two gives a user of this publication an understanding on the size, growth and distribution of Tanzania population from the 2012 PHC and previous censuses.

Chapter Three is about age and sex profile of the Tanzanian population. Household composition is explained in Chapter Four. Chapter Five reveals that marriage is almost universal in the country. Chapter Six reveals that 99 percent of the enumerated population were Tanzanians. Chapter Seven is about survival of parents. Chapter Eight reveals that one (1) percent of total private households in Tanzania reported to have at least one former member of the household who was living abroad, and that Tanzania had a total of 421,456 Diasporas in 2012.

Chapter Nine gives Census results on literacy and education. Chapter Eleven deals with disability. Information on Housing conditions, assets and amenities are elaborated in Chapter Twelve.
Abstract The 2012 Tanzania Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile provides a short descriptive analysis and related tables on main thematic areas covered in the 2012 Population and Housing
Census. Areas covered are population size; growth and distribution; age and sex profile; household composition; marital status; citizenship; birth registration and disability. Other topics are survival of parents; education and literacy; economic activity; housing conditions; household assets and amenities; agriculture and livestock; fertility and mortality. In many cases, characteristics have been disaggregated by location (rural and urban) and where possible comparisons have been made with past Census(es) to observe the trend over time. Related tables are presented in a separate publication (Detailed Statistical Tables for National Basic Demographic and Socio-EconomicProfile - Volume IIID).The new topics that were covered in 2012 PHC for the first time since 1967 which was the first Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar were; Birth Registration, Agriculture and Livestock, Day Population, Diaspora, Social Security Schemes, Refuse Disposal, Cause of Death and Maternal Health.
Table of contents Contents Page

Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................i
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ iii
Summary of Key Indicators for Tanzania, Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census
.........................................................................................................................................ix
List of Tables..................................................................................................................................xix
List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................xxv
List of Maps .............................................................................................................................. xxviii
List of Abbreviations....................................................................................................................xxix
Concepts and Definitions..............................................................................................................xxx
Chapter One.....................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census...............................................................1
1.1 What is a Population Census?...........................................................................................1
1.1.1 A Brief History of Census Undertaking in Tanzania........................................................1
1.2 Objective of the 2012 PHC...............................................................................................2
1.3 Preparations for the 2012 PHC.........................................................................................2
1.3.1 Legal Framework..............................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Census Organization.........................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Development of Census Instruments................................................................................4
1.3.4 Cartographic Work ...........................................................................................................5
1.3.5 Pilot Census......................................................................................................................6
1.3.6 Census Publicity and Advocacy Campaign ......................................................................6
1.4 Census Enumeration Activities.........................................................................................7
1.4.1 Recruitment and Training .................................................................................................8
1.4.2 Other Preparations for Enumeration .................................................................................8
1.4.3 Enumeration......................................................................................................................8
1.4.4 Post Field Enumeration Activities..................................................................................10
1.5 Data Processing...............................................................................................................10
1.6 Quality Assurance Procedures........................................................................................11
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile
xv
Chapter Two ..................................................................................................................................12
Population Size, Growth and Distribution..................................................................................12
2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................12
2.2 Enumerated Population by Record Type ........................................................................12
2.3 Population Size and Growth ...........................................................................................15
Chapter Three ...............................................................................................................................21
Age and Sex Profile .......................................................................................................................21
3.1 Quality of Age and Sex Data ..........................................................................................21
3.2 Age and Sex Profile ........................................................................................................22
3.2.1 Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups ........................................................22
3.2.2 Population Pyramid.........................................................................................................24
3.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups...........................................................27
3.3.1 Young Population (0-14 Years)......................................................................................29
3.3.2 Youth Population (15-24 Years).....................................................................................29
3.3.3 Working Age Population (15-64 Years).........................................................................31
3.3.4 Elderly Population ..........................................................................................................32
3.3.5 Age Dependency Ratio ...................................................................................................33
Chapter Four .................................................................................................................................35
Household Composition................................................................................................................35
4.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................35
4.2 Number of Households...................................................................................................35
4.3 Average Household Size.................................................................................................38
4.4 Household Headship.......................................................................................................41
Chapter Five ..................................................................................................................................43
Marital Status................................................................................................................................43
5.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................43
5.2 Marital Status..................................................................................................................43
5.3 Mean Age at First Marriage............................................................................................50
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Chapter Six ....................................................................................................................................54
Citizenship and Birth Registration..............................................................................................54
6.1 Citizenship ......................................................................................................................54
6.2 Birth Certificate ..............................................................................................................55
6.3 Birth Registration............................................................................................................55
Chapter Seven................................................................................................................................58
Survival of Parents........................................................................................................................58
7.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................58
7.2 Survival of Parents..........................................................................................................58
7.3 Orphans in Tanzania .......................................................................................................67
Chapter Eight ................................................................................................................................70
Diaspora ........................................................................................................................................70
8.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................70
8.2 Number of Persons Living in Diaspora ..........................................................................70
Chapter Nine..................................................................................................................................76
Literacy and Education ................................................................................................................76
9.1 Literacy ...........................................................................................................................76
9.1.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................76
9.1.2 Literacy Status in Tanzania.............................................................................................76
9.1.3 Adult Literacy.................................................................................................................79
9.2 Education ........................................................................................................................88
9.2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................88
9.2.2 School Attendance Status ...............................................................................................88
9.2.3 Net and Gross School Enrolment....................................................................................93
9.2.4 Education Attainment .....................................................................................................99
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Chapter Ten.................................................................................................................................101
Economic Activity .......................................................................................................................101
10.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................101
10.2 Usual Economic Activity..............................................................................................101
10.3 Current Economic Activity...........................................................................................107
10.4 Employment Status.......................................................................................................112
10.5 Main Occupation...........................................................................................................114
10.6 Main Industry................................................................................................................118
Chapter Eleven ............................................................................................................................122
Disability ......................................................................................................................................122
11.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................122
11.2 Persons with Disabilities (Five Year Age Groups).......................................................122
11.2.1 Population with Albinism.............................................................................................125
11.3 Persons with Disabilities (Ten Year Age Groups)........................................................127
Chapter Twelve ...........................................................................................................................132
Housing Conditions, Household Assets and Amenities............................................................132
12.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................132
12.2 Ownership Status of the Main Dwelling Used by the Household ................................132
12.3 Legal Right of Ownership of Land where Main Dwelling is Located .........................133
12.4 Building Materials for Roofing.....................................................................................134
12.5 Building Materials for Flooring....................................................................................136
12.6 Building Materials for Walls........................................................................................138
12.7 Rooms for Sleeping ......................................................................................................140
12.8 Source of Drinking Water.............................................................................................143
12.9 Source of Energy ..........................................................................................................147
12.9.1 Source of Energy for Cooking....................................................................................147
12.9.2 Source of Energy for Lighting....................................................................................150
12.10 Type of Toilet Facility ..................................................................................................155
12.11 Refuse Disposal ............................................................................................................158
12.12 Ownership of Assets.....................................................................................................160
12.13 Social Security Schemes...............................................................................................165
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Chapter Thirteen.........................................................................................................................167
Agriculture and Livestock ..........................................................................................................167
13.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................167
13.2 Households Engaged in Agriculture ...............................................................................................167
13.3 Livestock and Poultry .................................................................................................................170
13.4 Fish Farming.............................................................................................................................180
References.....................................................................................................................................182

Annexes: Questionnaires.....................................................................................................................183
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