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Agriculture Sample Census Survey 2007/08

Tanzania, 2009
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TZA-NBS-AGSS-2007-v01.
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National Bureau of Statistics, Office of Chief Government Statistician-Zanzibar
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Small holder/Small Scale Farmer Questionnaire
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Reports
2007/08 National Sample Census of Agriculture: Preliminary Report
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Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics
Date 2010-11-01
Country Tanzania
Table of contents Table of Contents
Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................................i
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... ii
Foreword................................................................................................................................................. iii
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION........................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Census Organization:..................................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Technical Committee..................................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Planning Committee ...................................................................................................................2
1.4 Reference Period.........................................................................................................................2
1.5 Concepts and Definitions ............................................................................................................2
1.6 Sample Design ............................................................................................................................3
1.6.1 Sample Size ...............................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2 SAMPLE CENSUS RESULTS................................................................................... 5
2.2 Small Scale Holdings..................................................................................................................7
2.3 Crops ..........................................................................................................................................9
2.4 Production of Maize and Paddy................................................................................................10
2.5 Mechanization..........................................................................................................................12
2.6 Use of Organic Fertilizers.........................................................................................................13
2.7 Use of Inorganic Fertilizer........................................................................................................15
2.8 Use of Improved Technology ...................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 3 LIVESTOCK REARING..........................................................................................20
3.1 Livestock..................................................................................................................................20
3.2 Cattle by Type...........................................................................................................................21
3.3 Milk..........................................................................................................................................22
3.4 Goats ........................................................................................................................................23
3.5 Sheep........................................................................................................................................25
3.6 Fish Farming .............................................................................................................................25
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................27
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Large Scale Farms - 2007/08 Agriculture Sample Census
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Author(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Date 2012-06-01
Country Tanzania
Contributor(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Description The Large Scale Farms report provides detailed description of the state of large scale farms in Tanzania for the agricultural year 1st October 2007 to 30th September 2008. Most of the analysis and tabulation permit comparisons between regions. In some cases, the contribution of smallholder agriculture is included to give the overall country estimate. The highlights describe the important findings in relation to agricultural production, productivity, husbandry, access to resources and provision of credit for large scale farms.
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... i
ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF CHARTS ......................................................................................................................... viii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ xiii
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Background Information ................................................................................................ 1
1.2.1 Census Objectives ....................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Census Coverage ........................................................................................................ 3
1.2.3 Census Scope .............................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Census Methodology .................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Census Organization ................................................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Tabulation Plan Preparation ....................................................................................... 5
1.3.3 Questionnaire Design and Other Instruments ............................................................. 5
1.3.4 Field Pre-Testing of the Census Instruments .............................................................. 6
1.3.5 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators ................................................... 6
1.3.6 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign ................................. 7
1.3.7 Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 7
1.3.8 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks ................................................................ 8
1.3.9 Data Processing .......................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Funding Arrangements ................................................................................................ 10
2 CROP RESULTS ....................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Number of large scale farms ........................................................................................ 11
2.1.1 Total number of farms and trends ............................................................................. 11
2.1.2 Number by type of farms .......................................................................................... 13
2.2 Land Area under Large Scale Farms ........................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Area under Holdings ................................................................................................. 15
2.3 Land use ....................................................................................................................... 17 CONTENTS Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census - 2007/08 iv

2.3.1 Land Utilization ........................................................................................................ 17
2.3.2 Type of Land Use ..................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Analysis of the Most Important Crops ......................................................................... 20
2.4.1 Cropping Seasons ..................................................................................................... 20
2.4.2 Planted Area .............................................................................................................. 20
2.4.3 Crop Type ................................................................................................................. 21
2.5.1 Cereal production ...................................................................................................... 22
2.5.2 Roots and Tuber Crop Production ........................................................................... 29
2.5.3 Pulse Crop Production .............................................................................................. 31
2.5.4 Oil Seeds Production ................................................................................................ 33
2.6 Perennial Crops ............................................................................................................ 36
2.7 Cash Crop Production .................................................................................................. 37
2.7.1 Tobacco ................................................................................................................... 37
2.7.2 Sisal ......................................................................................................................... 38
2.7.3 Coffee ...................................................................................................................... 38
2.7.4 Tea ........................................................................................................................... 39
2.7.5 Sugarcane ................................................................................................................ 39
2.7.6 Cashewnuts ............................................................................................................... 39
2.7.7 Coconuts ................................................................................................................... 40
2.7.8 Bananas ..................................................................................................................... 40
2.8 Irrigation ...................................................................................................................... 41
2.9 Crop Marketing ............................................................................................................ 42
2.9.1 Main Marketing Problems ........................................................................................ 42
2.10 Use of credit for Agriculture Purpose .......................................................................... 43
2.10.1 Access to credit facilities .......................................................................................... 43
2.10.2 Reasons for Not Using Credit Facilities ................................................................... 43
2.10.3 Credit Sources by Type of Farm Activity ................................................................. 44
2.10.4 Farms which Borrowed Money and Type of Credit Facilities ................................. 44 CONTENTS Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census - 2007/08 v

2.11 Sources of Inputs for Agricultural Holdings ............................................................... 46
3 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY RESULTS ............................................................ 48
3.1 Livestock Production and Growth ............................................................................... 48
3.1.1 Cattle Population ..................................................................................................... 50
3.1.2 Goat Population ........................................................................................................ 52
3.1.3 Sheep population ...................................................................................................... 53
3.1.4 Pig Population ........................................................................................................... 54
3.1.5 Chicken population ................................................................................................... 54
3.1.6 Other livestock .......................................................................................................... 56
3.2 Livestock and Poultry Products .................................................................................. 56
3.2.1 Meat Production ........................................................................................................ 56
3.2.2 Milk production ........................................................................................................ 57
3.2.3 Egg Production ......................................................................................................... 58
3.2.4 Hides and Skins ........................................................................................................ 58
3.3 Livestock Diseases ....................................................................................................... 59
3.3.1 Chicken ..................................................................................................................... 59
3.3.2 Coccidiosis Disease .................................................................................................. 59
3.3.3 Chorysa Disease ........................................................................................................ 60
3.3.4 Typhoid Disease ....................................................................................................... 60
3.3.5 New Castle Disease .................................................................................................. 60
3.3.6 Deaths due to Disease Infections .............................................................................. 61
3.4 Access to Livestock infrastructure and Services ......................................................... 62
3.4.1 Access to Veterinary Clinic ...................................................................................... 63
3.4.2 Access to Market for Livestock ................................................................................ 63
3.4.3 Access to input supply facilities ............................................................................... 64
3.4.4 Access to Primary Market ........................................................................................ 64
3.4.5 Access to hide and skin shades ................................................................................. 65
3.4.6 Access to nearest village watering point /dam ......................................................... 65 CONTENTS Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census - 2007/08 vi

3.5 Farm Employment ....................................................................................................... 65
3.5.1 Temporary Employees .............................................................................................. 66
3.5.2 Permanent Employees .............................................................................................. 67
3.6 Outgrowers Schemes ................................................................................................... 67
4. REGIONAL PROFILES .......................................................................................... 69
4.1 Arusha .......................................................................................................................... 69
4.2 Dar es Salaam .............................................................................................................. 70
4.3 Dodoma ........................................................................................................................ 70
4.4 Iringa ............................................................................................................................ 71
4.5 Kagera .......................................................................................................................... 72
4.6 Kigoma ........................................................................................................................ 73
4.7 Kilimanjaro .................................................................................................................. 74
4.8 Lindi ............................................................................................................................. 74
4.9 Manyara ....................................................................................................................... 75
4.10 Mara ............................................................................................................................. 76
4.11 Mbeya .......................................................................................................................... 76
4.12 Morogoro ..................................................................................................................... 77
4.13 Mtwara ......................................................................................................................... 78
4.14 Mwanza ........................................................................................................................ 79
4.15 Pwani ........................................................................................................................... 80
4.16 Rukwa .......................................................................................................................... 80
4.17 Ruvuma ........................................................................................................................ 81
4.18 Shinyanga .................................................................................................................... 82
4.19 Singida ......................................................................................................................... 83
4.20 Tabora .......................................................................................................................... 84
4.21 Tanga ........................................................................................................................... 84
4.22 Zanzibar ....................................................................................................................... 85
5. APPENDICES ............................................................................................................ 86
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Livestock Sector - National Report
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Author(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Date 2012-03-01
Country Tanzania
Contributor(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Description This report provides detailed description of the state of the livestock sub-sector in Tanzania for the agricultural year 2007-2008. The detailed analysis and tabulation were based on smallholder farms and comparisons between Mainland regions and Zanzibar districts are made. In some cases, the contribution of large scale farms is included to give the overall country estimates.


The main types and number of livestock and poultry covered in the 2007/08 Agricultural Sample Census are cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, chickens, ducks, turkeys, rabbits, and donkeys. The dominant species were cattle (21,280,875) followed by goats (15,154,121), sheep (5,715,549) and pigs (1,584,411). The total number of livestock units was 25,977,665 representing 43.8 million livestock of different species, equivalent to about 30 percent increase from 20,353,866 livestock units counted in the 2002/2003 census. The number of cattle in the Mainland was 21,125,251 while in Zanzibar was 155,624. Of the 1,698,580 cattle keeping households, 71 percent kept between 1 and 10 heads of cattle. The average number of livestock per household was 13 for cattle, 9 for goats and 9 for sheep, while for chicken the average was 11 chicks. The contribution of Large Scale Farms to the total livestock number was rather small (0.1%).
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................... III
PREFACE .......................................................................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... VII
1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Background Information ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Census Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3.1 Census Organization ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.2 Tabulation Plan Preparation ............................................................................................................ 4
1.3.3 Sample Design ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.4 Questionnaire Design and other Census Instruments ...................................................................... 5
1.3.5 Field Pilot-Testing of the Census Instruments ................................................................................ 5
1.3.6 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators ....................................................................... 5
1.3.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign ....................................................... 6
1.3.8 Data Collection ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.9 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks ..................................................................................... 6
1.3.10 Data Processing ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.0 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY RESULTS .................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Livestock Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.1.1 Cattle Population ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Goat Population ............................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.3 Sheep Population ........................................................................................................................... 20
2.1.5 Chicken Population ....................................................................................................................... 25
2.1.5.1 Indigenous chicken population ...................................................................................................... 27
2.1.5.2 Improved Chicken ......................................................................................................................... 29
2.1.6 Other Livestock ............................................................................................................................. 32
2.2 Livestock and Poultry Products .............................................................................................................................. 32
2.2.1 Milk Production ............................................................................................................................ 32
2.2.2 Egg Production .............................................................................................................................. 35
2.3 Animal Contribution to Crop Production ...................................................................................................... 36
2.3 Animal Contribution to Crop Production ...................................................................................................... 37
2.3.1 Use of Organic Fertilizers ............................................................................................................. 37
2.4 Livestock Pest Control ....................................................................................................................................... 38
2.4 Livestock Pest Control ....................................................................................................................................... 39
2.4.1 Common Livestock Diseases ................................................................................................................ 39
2.4.1.1 Tick Problem ................................................................................................................................ 39
2.4.1.2 Foot and Mouth disease ................................................................................................................. 40
2.4.1.3 Tsetse Flies Problems .................................................................................................................... 40
2.4.1.4 Newcastle disease .......................................................................................................................... 41
2.4.2 Specific Livestock Pest control methods........................................................................................ 41
2.4.2.1 Tick Control Methods ................................................................................................................... 41
2.4.2.2 Tsetse fly Control Methods ........................................................................................................... 41
2.4.2.3 Newcastle Control Methods ......................................................................................................... 42
2.4.2.3 Newcastle Control Methods ......................................................................................................... 43
2.4.2.3 Newcastle Control Methods ......................................................................................................... 44
2.4.3 Deworming practices ............................................................................................................................... 45
2.5 Livestock Extension Services .................................................................................................................................. 47
2.5.1 Extension Services Outreach ....................................................................................................... 47
2.5.2 Sources of Extension ................................................................................................................... 47
2.5.3 Types of extension messages ...................................................................................................... 49
2.6 Fish Farming ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
2.6.1 Fish Production ........................................................................................................................... 50
2.6.2. Source of fingerlings ................................................................................................................... 50
2.6.3 Frequencies of stocking ............................................................................................................... 51
2.6.4 Outlets for Selling Fish ............................................................................................................... 52
2.7 Bee Keeping ................................................................................................................................................................. 52
2.7.1 Honey Production ........................................................................................................................ 52
2.7.2 Prices of Honey ........................................................................................................................... 53
3. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................. 54
4. APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................ 57
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Crop Sector - National Report
External link
Author(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Date 2012-04-01
Country Tanzania
Contributor(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Description Most of the land in Tanzania (66%) was planted with annual crops while permanent or perennial crops occupied 15% and about 8% was planted with a mixture of annual and permanent crops. The remaining area (11%) was kept under fallow. Land sufficiency varied largerly between regions. For example, in Mtwara, Lindi, Ruvuma and Tabora regions, at least 50 percent of the households reported land sufficiency while all other regions reported land sufficiency below 50 percent. In the latter group, land scarcity was most acute in Mara, Manyara, Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions where 80 percent or more of the households reported of land insufficiency.

Nationwide, maize was the priority crop of choice for an overwhelming majority (5,107,264) of households across seasons followed by beans, paddy, groundnuts, sorghum and sweet potatoes, in that order, each engaging at least 500,000 households.
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... vi
PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... viii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. x
ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF MAPS ..................................................................................................................... xxi
1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................ 1
1.2 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Census Coverage and Scope. ........................................................................... 2
1.3 Census Methodology ....................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Census Organization ........................................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Tabulation Plan Preparation ............................................................................ 5
1.3.3 Sample Design ................................................................................................ 5
1.3.4 Questionnaire Design and other Census Instruments ...................................... 6
1.3.5 Field Pilot-testing of the Census Instruments .................................................. 7
1.3.6 Training of trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators ......................................... 7
1.3.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign ....................... 7
1.3.8 Data Collection ................................................................................................ 8
1.3.9 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks ..................................................... 8
1.3.10 Data Processing ............................................................................................... 9
1.4 Funding Arrangements ................................................................................. 10
2.1 CROP RESULTS........................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Household Characteristics ............................................................................. 11
2.1.1.1 Demographics ................................................................................................ 11
2.1.1.2 Population Trend and Structure ..................................................................... 11
2.1.1.3 Household Size ............................................................................................... 13
2.1.1.4 Marital Status ................................................................................................. 13
2.1.1.5 Literacy and Education of Rural Agricultural Population ............................. 14
2.1.1.6 Education Status ............................................................................................. 15
2.1.2 Main Household Activity .............................................................................. 16
2.1.3 Households Main Sources of Income ............................................................ 17
2.2 Agricultural Households ................................................................................ 17
2.2.1 Types of Agricultural Households ................................................................. 18
2.3 Land Use ........................................................................................................ 23
2.3.1 Area of Land Utilized .................................................................................... 23
2.3.2 Land Use Sufficiency .................................................................................... 24
2.3.3 Land Use Patterns .......................................................................................... 25
2.4 Annual Crop Production ................................................................................ 30
2.4.1 Main Crops .................................................................................................... 33
2.4.2 Relative Crop Importance .............................................................................. 33
2.4.3 Crop Area Planted per Household ................................................................. 34
2.5 Crop Types ..................................................................................................... 35
2.5.1 Cereal Crop Production ................................................................................. 35
2.5.1.1 Maize ............................................................................................................. 37
2.5.1.2 Paddy ............................................................................................................. 40
2.5.1.3 Sorghum ......................................................................................................... 43
2.5.1.4 Other Cereals ................................................................................................. 44
2.5.2 Root and Tuber Crop Production ................................................................... 48
2.2.1 Sweet Potato .................................................................................................. 49
2.5.3 Pulses ............................................................................................................. 51
2.5.3.1 Beans .............................................................................................................. 52
2.5.3 Oil seed Crops ................................................................................................ 54
2.5.3.1 Groundnut ...................................................................................................... 56
2.5.4 Fruits and Vegetables .................................................................................... 61
2.5.4.1 Tomato ........................................................................................................... 62
2.5.4.2 Cabbage ......................................................................................................... 66
2.5.4.3 Onion ............................................................................................................. 67
2.5.5 Other Annual Cash Crops .............................................................................. 73
2.5.5.1 Cotton ............................................................................................................ 75
2.5.5.2 Tobacco .......................................................................................................... 79
2.6 Comparative Planted Land Areas for Annual and Permanent Crops ............ 82
2.5.2 Perrenial/Permanent Crops ............................................................................ 83
3.6.3 Cashewnuts .................................................................................................... 85
3.6.4 Banana ........................................................................................................... 87
2.6.5 Coffee ............................................................................................................ 91
2.6.6 Mango ............................................................................................................ 91
2.6.7 Pigeon peas .................................................................................................... 95
2.6.8 Coconuts ........................................................................................................ 95
3.7.9 Oranges .......................................................................................................... 99
2.6.10 Sugar cane ...................................................................................................... 99
2.6.11 Oil Palm ....................................................................................................... 104
2.7 Irrigation ...................................................................................................... 107
2.7.1 Area Planted with Annual Crops under Irrigation ....................................... 107
2.7.2 Number of households using irrigation ....................................................... 107
2.7.3 Planted area with Irrigation ......................................................................... 108
2.7.4 Source of Irrigation Water ........................................................................... 110
2.7.7 Use of Irrigation in Crop Production ........................................................... 111
2.7.7.1 Cereals ......................................................................................................... 112
2.7.7.2 Roots and Tubers. ........................................................................................ 112
2.7.7.3 Pulses ........................................................................................................... 113
2.7.7.4 Oil seeds and oil nuts ................................................................................... 113
2.7.7.5 Fruits and Vegetables .................................................................................. 113
2.7.7.6 Cash Crops ................................................................................................... 114
2.7.8 Methods Used to Obtain Irrigation Water ................................................... 116
2.8 USE OF INPUTS ......................................................................................... 119
2.8.1 Planted Area with Improved Seed ............................................................... 119
2.8.2 Percent Planted Area with Improved Seed by Crop Type ........................... 120
2.8.3 Fertilizer Application by Type of Fertilizer and Region ............................. 120
2.8.4 Use of Pesticides .......................................................................................... 121
2.8.4.1 Insecticide .................................................................................................... 124
2.8.4.2 Fungicides .................................................................................................... 124
2.8.4.3 Herbicide ...................................................................................................... 125
2.8.4.5 Use of Pesticides on Permanent Crops ........................................................ 126
2.9 Crop Storage ............................................................................................... 129
2.10 Crop Marketing ............................................................................................ 132
2.10.1 Main Marketing Problems ........................................................................... 132
2.11 Crop Extension Services .............................................................................. 134
2.11.1 Extension Services Provider ........................................................................ 135
2.11.2 Extension Advice by Type of Provider ....................................................... 135
2.12 Access to Implements .................................................................................. 136
2.13.2 Soil Erosion Control and Water Harvesting Facilities ................................ 138
2.14 Agricultural Credits ..................................................................................... 141
2.15 Poverty Indicators ........................................................................................ 142
2.15.1 Roofing Materials ........................................................................................ 142
2.15.2 Wall Materials ............................................................................................. 142
2.15.3 Floor Materials ............................................................................................. 143
2.15.4 Toilet Facilities ............................................................................................ 143
2.15.5 Source of Energy for Lighting ..................................................................... 144
2.15.6 Source of Energy for Cooking ..................................................................... 144
2.15.7 Access to Drinking Water ............................................................................ 145
2.15.8 Time Spent to Main Source of Drinking Water ........................................... 146
2.15.9 Ownership of Assets .................................................................................... 147
2.15.10 Food Consumption Pattern .......................................................................... 147
2.15.10.1 Number of Meals per Day ........................................................................... 147
2.15.10.2 Household Food Security ............................................................................ 148
2.16 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................ 149
2.16.1 Current Status of Agriculture in Tanzania ................................................... 149
2.16.2 Important Issues ........................................................................................... 150
2.16.3 Crop productivity ......................................................................................... 150
2.16.3 Use of inputs ................................................................................................ 151
2.16.4 Access to land .............................................................................................. 151
2.16.5 Irrigation farming ......................................................................................... 151
2.16.6 Access to extension services ........................................................................ 152
3.0 Regional Profiles ......................................................................................... 153
3.1 Shinyanga .................................................................................................... 153
3.2 Dodoma ........................................................................................................ 153
3.3 Mwanza ........................................................................................................ 154
3.4 Tabora .......................................................................................................... 154
3.5 Mbeya .......................................................................................................... 155
3.6 Ruvuma ........................................................................................................ 155
3.7 Iringa ............................................................................................................ 156
3.8 Kagera .......................................................................................................... 156
3.9 Tanga ........................................................................................................... 157
3.10 Mtwara ......................................................................................................... 157
3.11 Morogoro ..................................................................................................... 157
3.12 Rukwa .......................................................................................................... 158
3.13 Singida ......................................................................................................... 158
3.14 Mara ............................................................................................................. 159
3.15 Manyara ....................................................................................................... 159
3.16 Lindi ............................................................................................................. 159
3.17 Kigoma ........................................................................................................ 160
3.18 Pwani ........................................................................................................... 161
3.19 Kilimanjaro .................................................................................................. 162
3.20 Arusha .......................................................................................................... 163
3.21 Dar es Salaam .............................................................................................. 164
4. APPENDICES ............................................................................................. 166
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Zanzibar Crop Sector Report
External link
Author(s) Office of the Chief Government Statistician, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministries of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Livestock and Fishery in Zanzibar.
Date 2012-01-01
Country Tanzania
Contributor(s) the Office of the Chief Government Statistician, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministries of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Livestock and Fishery in Zanzibar , the development partners, in particular, the Department for International Development
Description This report provides detailed description of the state of the Crops sub-sector in Zanzibar for the agriculture year 2007-2008 based mainly on smallholder farms.

Permanent crops occupied an area of 78,494 ha, which is higher than 32,120 recorded in 2002/03 but in terms of proportion it has remained the same at 42%. The largest area (47,991 ha, 61%) was grown to other crops followed by banana (14,011 ha; 18%), and coconut (8058 ha; 10%) The three leading districts both in terms of percent of area planted and average planted area per household with permanent crops were Mkoani (14%, 0.69 ha); Wete (14.4%, 0.78 ha), and Central (14%, 0.91 ha).

Mkoani (3,312 ha, 21%), Chakechake (2,342 ha, 15%), and Central (2,186 ha, 14%) were the three districts with the highest percent of the total area planted with banana as well as average planted area per household planted with the crop. Central district recorded the highest percent (19 %) of the total area planted with coconuts followed by North „B? (17%) and West and Wete districts each(16%). Wete and Mkoani district respectively accounted for 26% and 22% of the total area planted with cloves.. Central district accounted for almost over a third (37%) of the area planted with mangoes. About 50 percent (48 5%) of the area planted with oranges was recorded in Central district. Central district accounted for 51 percent of the total area planted with sugar cane followed by Micheweni (18 %).
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... iv
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................... v
ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF CHARTS ..................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF MAPS ............................................................................................................................. x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... xiii
1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...................................................................... 1
2.1 Rationale for Conducting the National Sample Census of Agriculture ................. 1
2.2 Census Objectives .................................................................................................. 2
2.3 Census Coverage ................................................................................................... 2
2.3.1 Census scope .......................................................................................................... 2
2.3.2 Main Activities Undertaken ................................................................................... 3
2.4 Census Methodology ............................................................................................. 4
2.4.1 Census Organisation .............................................................................................. 4
2.4.2 Tabulation Plan Preparation .................................................................................. 5
2.4.3 Sample Design ....................................................................................................... 5
2.4.4 Questionnaire Design and Other Census Instruments ........................................... 5
2.4.5 Field Pilot-testing................................................................................................... 6
2.4.6 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators .............................................. 7
2.4.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign ............................. 7
2.4.8 Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 7
2.4.9 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks ........................................................... 8
2.4.10 Data processing and analysis ................................................................................. 8
2.4.11 Data entry ............................................................................................................... 8
2.4.12 Batch validation ..................................................................................................... 9
2.4.13 Tabulations ............................................................................................................ 9
2.4.14 Analysis and Report Preparation ........................................................................... 9
2.4.15 Data Quality Control .............................................................................................. 9
2.5 Funding Arrangements ........................................................................................ 10
3. CROP RESULTS................................................................................................ 11
3.1 Type of Agricultural Households ........................................................................ 12
3.2 Land Use .............................................................................................................. 16
3.2.1 Area of Land Utilized for Growing Crops ........................................................... 16
3.2.2 Land Use Sufficiency .......................................................................................... 17
3.2.3 Land Use Patterns ................................................................................................ 18
3.3.1 Planted Area ......................................................................................................... 20
3.3.2 Crop Types ........................................................................................................... 21
3.3.3 Analysis of Important Crops ................................................................................ 24
3.3.4 Cereal Production ................................................................................................ 24
3.3.5 Root and Tuber Crops Production ....................................................................... 33
3.3.6 Pulses ................................................................................................................... 41
3.3.7 Groundnuts .......................................................................................................... 44
3.3.8 Fruits and Vegetables .......................................................................................... 45
3.3.9 Cash Crop Production .......................................................................................... 52
3.4 Permanent Crops .................................................................................................. 53
3.4.1 Banana ................................................................................................................. 54
3.4.2 Coconuts .............................................................................................................. 56
3.4.3 Cloves .................................................................................................................. 58
3.4.4 Mangoes ............................................................................................................... 59
3.4.5 Pineapple .............................................................................................................. 59
3.4.6 Oranges ................................................................................................................ 60
3.5 Irrigation .............................................................................................................. 65
3.5.2 Planted Area with Irrigation by District .............................................................. 65
3.5.3 Households Practising Irrigation ......................................................................... 65
3.5.4 Planted Area with Irrigation by Type of Crop ..................................................... 66
3.5.5 Irrigated Area by Individual Crops ...................................................................... 66
3.5.6 Households Practising Irrigation by Source of Water ......................................... 66
3.6 Use of Inputs ........................................................................................................ 68
3.6.1 Use of Improved Seeds ........................................................................................ 69
3.6.2 Use of Fertilizer ................................................................................................... 69
3.6.3 Use of Pesticides .................................................................................................. 69
3.7 Crop Marketing .................................................................................................... 71
3.7.1 Main Marketing Problems ................................................................................... 71
3.8.1 Sources of Finance ............................................................................................... 72
3.8 Extension Services ............................................................................................... 72
3.9 Household Implements ........................................................................................ 74
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................. 75
4.1 Current Status of Agriculture in Zanzibar ........................................................... 75
4.1.1 Use of inputs ........................................................................................................ 76
4.1.2 Access to land ...................................................................................................... 76
4.1.3 Increase in the number of smallholder households and land consolidation ........ 77
4.1.4 Irrigation .............................................................................................................. 77
4.2 District Profiles .................................................................................................... 78
4.2.1 North `A? ............................................................................................................. 78
4.2.2 North ?B? .............................................................................................................. 78
4.2.3 Central .................................................................................................................. 78
4.2.4 South .................................................................................................................... 79
4.2.5 West ..................................................................................................................... 79
4.2.6 Wete ..................................................................................................................... 80
4.2.7 Micheweni ........................................................................................................... 80
4.2.8 Chakechake .......................................................................................................... 81
4.2.9 Mkoani .................................................................................................................
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Zanzibar Livestock Report
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Author(s) the Office of the Chief Government Statistician, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministries of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Livestock and Fishery in Zanzibar
Date 2012-01-01
Country Tanzania
Contributor(s) the Office of the Chief Government Statistician, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministries of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Livestock and Fishery in Zanzibar , the development partners, in particular, the Department for International Development
Description The Livestock report provides detailed description of the state of the livestock sub-sector in Zanzibar for the agricultural year 2007/08. The detailed tabulations and analysis were based mainly on smallholder farms. In some cases, contribution of large scale farms is also included to give the overall Zanzibar estimates.

The main types of livestock and poultry covered in the 2007/08 Agricultural Sample Census are cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, chicken, ducks, turkeys, rabbits, and donkeys. There was an equivalent of 170,715 livestock units in total representing a total of 228, 538 major livestock of different species. The goat livestock units were about 13,794, sheep were about 114.8 and pigs about 1,005 units. Chicken were kept by 60% of the households, while cattle were kept by 30% of the agricultural households.
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... iii
PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF MAPS ............................................................................................................................... x
1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................................................................. 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Rationale for Conducting the National Sample Census of Agriculture ......................... 1
2.2 Census Objectives .......................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Census Coverage ........................................................................................................... 2
2.3.1 Census Scope ................................................................................................................ 3
2.3.2 Main Activities Undertaken .......................................................................................... 4
2.4 Census Methodology ..................................................................................................... 4
2.4.1 Census Organization ..................................................................................................... 4
2.4.2 Tabulation Plan Preparation ......................................................................................... 5
2.4.3 Sample Design .............................................................................................................. 5
2.4.4 Questionnaire Design and Other Census Instruments .................................................. 6
2.4.5 Field Pilot-Testing ........................................................................................................ 7
2.4.6 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators ..................................................... 7
2.4.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign .................................... 7
2.4.8 Data Collection ............................................................................................................. 7
2.4.9 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks .................................................................. 8
2.4.10 Data Processing and Analysis ....................................................................................... 8
2.4.11 Data Entry ..................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.12 Batch Validation ........................................................................................................... 9
2.4.13 Tabulations ................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.14 Analysis and Report Preparation .................................................................................. 9
2.4.15 Data Quality Control ..................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Funding Arrangements .................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Livestock Population and Growth ............................................................................... 10
3.1.1 Cattle Population ......................................................................................................... 11
3.1.2 Goat Population ........................................................................................................... 14
3.1.3 Sheep Population ......................................................................................................... 19
3.1.4 Pig Population .............................................................................................................. 21
3.1.5 Chicken Population ...................................................................................................... 21
3.1.6 Other Livestock ........................................................................................................... 28
3.2 Livestock products -Milk Production .......................................................................... 29
3.3 Contribution of Livestock to Crop production ............................................................ 32
3.4 Livestock Diseases and control ................................................................................... 32
3.4.1 Common Livestock Diseases ....................................................................................... 32
3.4.2 Livestock Disease Control Methods ........................................................................... 39
3.4.3 Deworming Practices .................................................................................................. 43
3.5 Bee Keeping ................................................................................................................ 46
3.5.1 Beehives by Type of Bees .......................................................................................... 47
3.5.2 Quantity of Honey Harvested and Average Prices ..................................................... 48
3.5.3 Honey Outlets by Location and Region ...................................................................... 49
3.6 Access to Extension Services by District ................................................................... 50
3.6.1 Sources of Extension Services .................................................................................... 50
3.6.2 Extension Advice by Type of Messages ..................................................................... 51
3.6.3 Number of Households which Received Advice Messages on Disease Control ........ 51
CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 52
5. APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 57
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THE REGIONAL REPORT(S) FOR 2007/2008 AGRICULTURE SAMPLE CENSUS
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Date 2012-07-01
Country Tanzania
Contributor(s) Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar, Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration an
Description Presentation of data disaggregated at regional and district level and it focuses on small holders crop production and livestock keeping
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Technical documents
Volume 1: Technical_And_Operation_Report - Census of Agriculture 2007/2008
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Author(s) National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
Date 2011-12-01
Country Tanzania
Description This report presents the technical and operational aspects of the census from planning to execution stage. It has also included in the annex all the instruments used in the whole operation.
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................... v
PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ vi
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................... 1
GENERAL BACKGROUND .......................................................................................... 1
1.0 Background Information ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rationale of the 2007/08 Agricultural Sample Census....................................................... 2
1.2.1 Census objectives ....................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Census Scope and Coverage ....................................................................................... 3
1.3 Main Activities Undertaken ........................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................... 5
METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Census Organization ...................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Tabulation Plan Preparation ........................................................................................... 6
2.3 Sample Design .............................................................................................................. 6
2.4 Questionnaire Design and Other Census Instruments ....................................................... 6
2.5 Field Pilot-Testing .......................................................................................................... 7
2.6 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators .......................................................... 8
2.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign ............................................ 8
2.8 Data Collection .............................................................................................................. 8
2.9 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks ....................................................................... 9
2.10 Data Processing and Analysis ....................................................................................... 9
2.10.1 Data entry ................................................................................................................ 9
2.10.3 Tabulations ............................................................................................................... 10
2.10.4 Analysis and Report Preparation ................................................................................ 10
2.11 Data Quality Control .................................................................................................... 10
2.12 Funding Arrangements ................................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................... 12
CENSUS ORGANIZATION ...................................................................... ..................... 12
3.1 General Overview .......................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Census Administration..................................................................................................... 12
3.2.1 National level ............................................................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Regional level .............................................................................................................. 13 ii

3.2.3 District level ................................................................................................................. 13
3.3 Composition and Functions of the Technical Committee ........................................... 13
3.3.1 Agricultural Sample Census Technical Committee ..................................................... 13
3.3.2 Censuses and Surveys Technical Working Group ....................................................... 14
3.3.3 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Advocacy ............................ 15
3.4 Census Logistics .......................................................................................................... 15
3.4.1 Logistics team .............................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................... 17
SAMPLE DESIGN FOR THE CENSUS ....................................................................................... 17
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Design of the National Master Sample ........................................................................ 17
4.3 Design of the National Sample Census of Agriculture ................................................ 17
4.4 Basic Formulae for Estimation .................................................................................... 22
4.5 EA Estimates: .............................................................................................................. 22
4.6 District Estimates - Rural ............................................................................................ 22
4.7 Regional Estimates ...................................................................................................... 23
4.8 National Estimates ....................................................................................................... 23
4.9 Adjustment ................................................................................................................... 23
4.10 Adjustment Factor for the Rural Sample ..................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................... 25
GENERAL TERMS, CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................... 25
5.1 Important Considerations ............................................................................................. 25
5.2. Concepts and Definitions ............................................................................................. 25
5.2.1 Household and Holding ............................................................................................... 25
5.2.2 Holding Characteristics ............................................................................................... 26
5.3. Land access/ownership/tenure ..................................................................................... 26
5.3.1 Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 28
5.4 Livestock ...................................................................................................................... 29
5.4.1 Poultry......................................................................................................................... 31
5.5 Irrigation ...................................................................................................................... 31
5.5.1 Drainage ....................................................................................................................... 31
5.5.2 Plot ............................................................................................................................... 31
5.6 Fertilizers and Pesticides ............................................................................................. 31
5.6.1 Fertilizers ..................................................................................................................... 32
5.6.2 Pesticides ..................................................................................................................... 32 iii

5.7 Large Scale Farms ....................................................................................................... 32
5.8 Small Scale Farms ....................................................................................................... 33
5.9 Operator ....................................................................................................................... 33
5.10 Masika Season ............................................................................................................. 33
5.11 Vuli Season .................................................................................................................. 33
5.12 Fish Farming ................................................................................................................ 33
5.13 Hunting and Gathering ................................................................................................ 33
5.14 Bee Keeping ................................................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................................... 34
AGRICUTURAL SAMPLE CENSUS PREPARATIONS .......................................................... 34
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 34
6.2 Design of the Census Instruments ............................................................................... 34
6.2.1 Listing Forms ............................................................................................................... 34
6.2.2 Questionnaires ............................................................................................................. 35
6.3.3 Instruction Manuals (Training Manual and Enumerators' Manual) ............................ 35
6.4 Preparation of Tabulation Plan .................................................................................... 36
6.5 User-Producer Workshop ............................................................................................ 36
6.6 Pilot Test ..................................................................................................................... 36
6.7 Preparation of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Materials ............ 37
6. 8 Census Logistics .......................................................................................................... 37
6.8.1 Procurement of Materials and Printing of Census Instruments and IEC Materials .... 38
6.8.2 Transportation and Distribution of the Census Instruments and Materials to the Regions .............................................................................................. 38
6.9 Training of Field Staff ................................................................................................. 38
6.10 The National Level Training - Training of Trainers (ToT)) ....................................... 39
6.11 The District level Training ........................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER 7 .................................................................................................................................... 40
AGRICUTURAL SAMPLE CENSUS FIELD WORK ............................................................... 40
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 40
7.2 Field Organization ....................................................................................................... 40
7.3 Listing Exercise ........................................................................................................... 41
7.4 Enumeration Exercise .................................................................................................. 42
7.4.1 Smallholder enumeration ............................................................................................. 42
7.4.2 Enumeration of Large Scale Farms ............................................................................. 42
7.4.3 Community Level Enumeration .................................................................................. 42 iv

7.5 Collection and Reception of the Filled in Census Questionnaires from the Regions .. 43
CHAPTER 8 .................................................................................................................................... 43
CENSUS DATA PROCESSING .................................................................................................... 43
8.1 Data Processing ........................................................................................................... 43
8.2 Manual Editing of the Completed Census Questionnaires .......................................... 43
8.3 Scanning and Data Capture ......................................................................................... 44
8.3.1 Scanning and Questionnaire Handling ........................................................................ 44
8.3.2 Optical Character Recognition .................................................................................... 45
8.3.3 Lessons learned from the Scanning/Extraction Process .............................................. 45
8.4 Design of a Data Structure Formatting Application .................................................... 46
8.5 Data Validation and Cleaning Exercise ....................................................................... 46
8.6 Tabulation of the Census Data ..................................................................................... 47
8.7 Application of Sampling Weights ............................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 9 .................................................................................................................................... 49
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................... 49
9.1 Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 49
9.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 49
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Other Materials
2007 - 2008 Data Description File
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