| subtitle |
SIGI Tanzania survey Report 2021 |
| Author(s) |
National Bureau of Statistics- Dodoma and Office of the Chief Government Statistician-Zanzibar |
| Date |
2021-11-01 |
| Country |
Tanzania |
| Language |
English |
| Contributor(s) |
The guidance and support provided by the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) members who came from various institutions, including the Ministry of Finance and Planning, the President's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG); Prime Mini |
| Publisher(s) |
The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) , Zanzibar |
| Description |
The SIGI Tanzania country study aims to provide data that will improve the rights and well-being of women and girls in Tanzania and advance
gender equality through the elimination of discrimination in social institutions. The survey focused on the four key dimensions, spanning the primary socio-economic areas that affect the entire lifetime of women and girls: discrimination in the family, restricted physical integrity¸ restricted access to productive and financial resources and restricted civil liberties.
The Tanzania SIGI survey was also designed to meet the need for information to report at the national level for assessment of MKUZA, five-year Development Plan III (FYDP III), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Goal 5 (Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls).It also aimed to provide information on goal 16 which is to “Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels” specifically for monitoring:
1. Targets 16.1 which is to “Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere”;
2. Target 16.3 which is to “Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all”;
3. Target 16.6 which aspires to “Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels”;
4. Target 16.7 which looks forward to “Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels”;
5. Target 16.10 advocating to “Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements”;
6. Target 16.b striving to “Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development”.
The UN Women and OECD Development Centre provided technical assistance and financial support during the planning and implementation stages of the survey. |
| Abstract |
The Tanzania SIGI survey was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Office of Chief Government Statistician, Zanzibar (OCGS), in partnership with UN Women Tanzania and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development Centre, and in collaboration with the Ministry of Community Development, Gender, Women and Special Groups of the United Republic of Tanzania and the Ministry of Health, Social-Welfare Elders, Gender and Children ofZanzibar. The Tanzania SIGI survey focuses on four key dimensions, spanning major socio-economic areas that affect the entire lifetimes of women and girls: discrimination in the family, restricted physical integrity¸ restricted access to productive and financial resources and restricted civil liberties.The Tanzania SIGI survey collected information and data on social institutions from the 217 selected enumerations areas from 31 regions of Tanzania (26 regions from Tanzania Mainland and 5 regions from Zanzibar). The following sections present a summary of the key findings from the Tanzania SIGI survey. |
| Table of contents |
Table of contents
Table of contents................................................................................................................... vii
Glossary of terms ..................................................................................................................xiv
Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................xvi
Foreword................................................................................................................................v
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................vi
1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................23
1.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................23
1.2 Survey objectives ..........................................................................................................................24
1.3 Scope and coverage .....................................................................................................................24
1.4 Survey design................................................................................................................................25
1.5 Survey Organization......................................................................................................................26
1.6 Quality control ............................................................................................................................... 27
1.7 Data Processing and Analysis....................................................................................................... ..... 27
2 Characteristics of Households and Household Population............................................29
2.1 Population characteristics ...........................................................................................................29
2.1.1 Results of the household and individual interviews ..................................................................................................29
2.1.2 Household Composition...........................................................................................................................................30
2.1.3 Birth and Official Registration of the Population .......................................................................................................31
2.2 Childcare .....................................................................................................................................32
2.2.1 Primary Caretaker of Children .................................................................................................................................32
2.3 Work Arrangements for Primary Caretaker.................................................................................33
2.3.1 Reason for not Having Formal Childcare Arrangements ..........................................................................................34
2.4 Housing Characteristics ..............................................................................................................34
2.4.1 Ownership of Dwelling.............................................................................................................................................34
2.5 Drinking-Water ............................................................................................................................35
2.5.1 Sources of Drinking Water.......................................................................................................................................35
2.5.2 Primary Collectors of Drinking Water .......................................................................................................................36
2.6 Access to Energy ........................................................................................................................37
2.6.1 Sources of Energy ...................................................................................................................................................37
2.6.2 Primary Collectors of Firewood................................................................................................................................ 37
3 Characteristics of Individual Respondents ....................................................................39
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................39
3.2 Demographic Characteristics ......................................................................................................39
3.2.1 Background Characteristics of Survey Respondents ............................................................................................... 39
3.2.2 3.2.2 Level of Education of Respondents.................................................................................................................41
3.3 Activity Status..............................................................................................................................44
3.3.1 Status of Employment..............................................................................................................................................44
3.3.2 Permission to Work and Average Number of Hours Worked....................................................................................47
3.3.3 Main Job Status.......................................................................................................................................................50
3.3.4 Employment by Industry ..........................................................................................................................................50
3.3.5 Inactive Population Aged 15 Years or Above by Reasons .......................................................................................54
3.4 Opinion on Boss Preference .......................................................................................................57
3.4.1 Boss Preferences ....................................................................................................................................................57
3.4.2 Reasons for Boss Preferences ................................................................................................................................ 58
3.4.3 Opinion of Male and Female Bosses .......................................................................................................................59
Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................xvii
List of tables.......................................................................................................................... x
List of figures.........................................................................................................................xiii
| viii
SIGI TANZANIA SURVEY REPORT
4 Discrimination in the Family .......................................................................................... 61
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................61
4.2 Household Responsibilities .........................................................................................................61
4.2.1 Average Time Spent on Household Tasks During the Last 24 Hours.......................................................................62
4.2.2 Opinion on Who Should Perform Household Tasks .................................................................................................64
4.2.3 Opinion on Statements Related to Unpaid Care and Domestic Work.......................................................................65
4.3 Children Participation in Household Tasks .................................................................................67
4.3.1 Participation of Boys Aged 7 to 15 Years in Household Tasks .................................................................................67
4.3.2 Participation of Girl Aged 7-to-15 Years in Household Tasks ...................................................................................67
4.3.3 Opinion on Children’s Unpaid Care and Domestic Work ..........................................................................................69
4.4 Decision Making on Child Education and Health ........................................................................70
4.4.1 Primary Decision Maker Regarding a Child’s Education and Health ........................................................................70
4.4.2 Opinion on who should be Primary Decision Maker Regarding a Child’s Education and Health............................... 72
4.4.3 Opinion on the Statements Related to Children’s Education and Health ..................................................................74
4.5 Household Decision ....................................................................................................................76
4.5.1 Participation of Woman in Household Decisions......................................................................................................76
4.5.2 Opinion on Statement Related to Decision Making within the Household.................................................................77
4.6 Child Marriage .............................................................................................................................78
4.6.1 Characteristics of Marriage......................................................................................................................................78
4.6.2 Primary Decision Maker Regarding a Daughter’s and Son’s Marriage .....................................................................80
4.6.3 Opinion on Minimum Age of Marriage......................................................................................................................83
4.6.4 Opinion on Primary Decision Maker Regarding a Daughter’s and Son’s Marriage ...................................................84
4.7 Bride Price...................................................................................................................................87
4.7.1 Common Practice of Bride Price in Tanzania...........................................................................................................87
4.7.2 Bride Price Characteristics.......................................................................................................................................88
4.7.3 Opinion on Statement Related to Dowry or Bride Price............................................................................................ 89
4.8 Divorce ........................................................................................................................................90
4.8.1 Primary Decision Maker on Divorce and Separation ................................................................................................ 90
4.8.2 Reasons for which a Man is Entitled to Divorce or Separate from his Wife............................................................... 91
4.8.3 Reasons for which a Woman is entitled to Divorce or Separate from Her Husband .................................................92
4.8.4 Opinion on Statements Related to Divorce ..............................................................................................................92
4.9 Inheritance...................................................................................................................................93
4.9.1 Opinion on Opportunity and Rights of Widows to Inheritance and Re-Marriage .......................................................93
4.9.2 Statements and Laws on the Rights of Widows to Inheritance and Re-Marriage......................................................95
4.9.3 Practice and Opinion on Opportunity and Rights of Daughters to Inheritance ..........................................................97
5 Restricted Physical Integrity.......................................................................................... 99
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................99
5.2 Violence Against Women ............................................................................................................100
5.2.1 Prevalence of Intimate Partner/Spousal Violence Against Women in the 12 Months before the Survey ...................100
5.2.2 Prevalence of Intimate Partner/Spousal Violence Against Women in Lifetime.......................................................... 101
5.2.3 Prevalence of Violence against Women in Lifetime by Other than Intimate Partner .................................................102
5.2.4 Opinion on Reasons Justifying Violence against Women.........................................................................................104
5.3 Female Genital Mutilation............................................................................................................105
5.3.1 Practice of Female Genital Mutilation.......................................................................................................................105
5.3.2 Performer and Primary Decision Maker of Female Genital Mutilation.......................................................................107
5.3.3 Opinion on Statements Related to Female Genital Mutilation ..................................................................................107
5.4 Missing Women...........................................................................................................................109
5.4.1 Boys and Girl Child Preferences.............................................................................................................................. 109
5.5 Reproductive Autonomy ..............................................................................................................110
5.5.1 Prevalence of Contraception....................................................................................................................................110
5.5.2 Decision on the Use of Contraception......................................................................................................................112
5.5.3 Unmet Need for Contraception ................................................................................................................................ 112
5.5.4 Access to Sexual Education ....................................................................................................................................113
5.5.5 Minimum Age to Become a Mother and a Father.....................................................................................................115
5.5.6 Opinion on Access to Sexual Education of Girls and Boys.......................................................................................116
5.5.7 Opinion on Statements Related to Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Autonomy................................................. ..118
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SIGI TANZANIA SURVEY REPORT
6 Restricted Access to Productive and Financial Resources .........................................121
6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................121
6.2 Access to agricultural land assets.............................................................................................122
6.2.1 Ownership of Agricultural Land.............................................................................................................................. 122
6.2.2 Decision Making Power over Agricultural Land Owned.......................................................................................... 124
6.2.3 Opinion on the Laws on Women’s Ownership of Land and On Statements Related to Women’s Access to
Agricultural Land ................................................................................................................................................................... 127
6.3 Access to Non-Land Assets ......................................................................................................128
6.3.1 Ownership of House.............................................................................................................................................. 128
6.3.2 Decision Making Power over the Houses Owned................................................................................................... 130
6.4 Access to Other Assets .............................................................................................................131
6.4.1 Opinion on Statements Related to Women’s Access to Non-Land Assets.............................................................. 133
6.5 Access to Financial Services.....................................................................................................134
6.5.1 Opinion on the Statement Related to Women’s Access to Financial Services........................................................ 136
6.6 Access to Business or Entrepreneurship ..................................................................................137
6.6.1 Ownership of Business.......................................................................................................................................... 137
6.6.2 Sector of Operation of Business Owned ................................................................................................................ 138
6.6.3 Key Characteristics of Businesses Owned by Women........................................................................................... 141
6.6.4 Key Characteristics of Businesses Owned by Men ................................................................................................ 142
6.6.5 Boss Preference and Partner/Spouse Business Owner ......................................................................................... 142
6.6.6 Opinion on the Statement Related to Access to Business...................................................................................... 144
6.7 Access to Labour Market...........................................................................................................145
6.7.1 Gendered Perceptions about Jobs......................................................................................................................... 145
6.7.2 Opinion on the Statement Related to Access to Workplace Rights ........................................................................ 148
7 Restricted Civil Liberties ............................................................................................. 151
7.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................151
7.2 Freedom of Movement and Feeling Insecure ...........................................................................151
7.2.1 Reasons for Feeling of Insecurity........................................................................................................................... 152
7.2.2 Opinion on Women’s Right to go to Certain Places Alone...................................................................................... 154
7.3 Political Voice ............................................................................................................................156
7.3.1 Opinion on Issues Related to Women’s Political Voice .......................................................................................... 156
7.4 Access to Justice.......................................................................................................................157
7.4.1 Support in Case of Conflict .................................................................................................................................... 158
7.4.2 Opinion on Statements Related to Women’s Access to Justice.............................................................................. 158
8 Perceptions about Gender Attributes ..........................................................................161
8.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................161
8.2 Perception About a Real Man ...................................................................................................161
8.3 Perceptions About a Real Woman ............................................................................................162
8.4 Perception on Gender Equality .................................................................................................163
8.5 Issues Faced by Women and Girls at the Community ..............................................................164
8.6 Opinion on Practices or Statements on Gender Equality..........................................................165 |
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https://www.nbs.go.tz/statistics/topic/sigi |
