| Table of contents |
A BRIEF OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... ix
1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................1
2 Household Demographic Composition......................................................................................5
3 Household Dwellings, Facilities and Consumer Goods.............................................................9
4 Education and Health ..............................................................................................................20
5 Productive Activities and Productive Assets ...........................................................................34
6 Household Consumption and Expenditure..............................................................................43
7 Income Poverty and Inequality ................................................................................................47
8 A Poverty Profile......................................................................................................................54
9 Household Income ..................................................................................................................62
10 Conclusions............................................................................................................................67
Appendix A Technical Notes...........................................................................................................69
Appendix B Additional Tables and Graphs....................................................................................90
Household Budget Survey 2007 – Tanzania Mainland
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Index of Tables
Table 1.1 Number of Primary Sampling Units and Households included
in the analysis (HBS 2000/01 and HBS 2007) ..........................................................2
Table 2.1 Average Household Size...........................................................................................5
Table 2.2 Distribution of Household Members in Broad Age Groups .......................................5
Table 2.3 Distribution of Household Members by Sex and Age (%) .........................................6
Table 2.4 Mean Proportion of Dependants by Area..................................................................6
Table 2.5 Distribution of Adults by Marital Status (age 15+ years) ...........................................7
Table 2.6 Distribution of Households by Sex of the Household Head ......................................7
Table 2.7 Distribution of Households by Age of the Household Head ......................................8
Table 2.8 Possession of a Birth Certificate or Birth Notification................................................8
Table 3.1 Distribution of Households by Construction Materials.............................................10
Table 3.2 Mean Number of Persons per Room for Sleeping ..................................................11
Table 3.3 Distribution of Households by Type of Tenure ........................................................11
Table 3.4 Percentage of Households with Electricity ..............................................................12
Table 3.5 Distribution of Households by energy source for lighting and cooking....................13
Table 3.6 Source of Drinking Water ........................................................................................14
Table 3.7 Distribution and Mean Distance to Drinking Water in the Dry Season....................15
Table 3.8 Time taken to collect water for consumption...........................................................15
Table 3.9 Distribution of Households by Type of Toilet...........................................................16
Table 3.10 Distribution of Households by Means of Garbage Disposal....................................16
Table 3.11 Mean Distance to Selected Social and Economic Facilities by Area (Km) .............17
Table 3.12 Percentage of Households Reporting Ownership of Selected
Consumer Goods by Area.......................................................................................18
Table 4.1 Highest Level of Education Achieved by Adults......................................................20
Table 4.2 Percentage of Adults’ Highest Level of Education Achieved by Sex ......................21
Table 4.3 Percentage Literacy of Adults .................................................................................22
Table 4.4 Primary Net and Gross Attendance Ratios by Sex .................................................23
Table 4.5 Class Attended by Age of Child (HBS 2000/01, HBS 2007) ...................................25
Table 4.6 Secondary Net and Gross Attendance Ratios by Sex (HBS 2000/01, HBS 2007) .25
Household Budget Survey 2007 – Tanzania Mainland
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Table 4.7 Reasons for Not Attending School for Children Aged 7 to 13
Years by Area (HBS 2000/01, HBS 2007) ..............................................................26
Table 4.8 Distribution and Mean Distance to Nearest Primary School ...................................26
Table 4.9 Distribution and Mean Distances to Pre-School and Secondary Schools
(HBS 2000/01 and 2007) ........................................................................................27
Table 4.10 Percentage of Individuals Reporting Illness or Injury in the Past Four
Weeks by Age Group and Area (HBS 2000/01, HBS 2007) ...................................28
Table 4.11 Type of Illness or Injury Reported By Age Group and Sex (HBS 2007)..................29
Table 4.12 Percentage of Ill or Injured Individuals who Consulted any Health-care
Provider by Sex and Area (HBS 2000/01, HBS 2007) ............................................29
Table 4.13 Source of Consultation for Individuals who Consulted any
Health-care Provider (2000/01 HBS, HBS 2007) ....................................................30
Table 4.14 Satisfaction with Service Provided by Source of Care (HBS 2007) ........................31
Table 4.15 Reasons for Not Using Medical Care for Individuals who Reported
Illness in the Past Four Weeks (HBS 2007)............................................................31
Table 4.16 Distribution and Mean Distance to Health Facilities................................................32
Table 5.1 Employment to Population Ratios by Age Groups and Geographical
Area HBS 2007 .......................................................................................................35
Table 5.2 Percentage distribution of Currently Employed Population by Main
Occupation and Geographical Area, HBS 2007.....................................................35
Table 5.3 Percentage distribution of Currently Employed Population by Sex,
Main Industry and Geographical area, HBS 2007...................................................36
Table 5.4 Percentage distribution of Newly Employed Persons by Occupation
and Area, HBS 2007 ...............................................................................................36
Table 5.5 Current Unemployment Rates by Age Group and Area, HBS 2007 .......................37
Table 5.6 Distribution of Main Activities of Adults in the previous Seven Days
by Geographical Area (HBS 2000/01, 2007)...........................................................38
Table 5.7 Distribution of Main Activities among Adults by Geographical Area,
Sex and Year of Survey (HBS 2000/01, 2007) .......................................................39
Table 5.8 Distribution of Main Source of Household Income ..................................................40
Table 5.9 Percentage of Households Reporting Business by Area ........................................40
Table 5.10 Percentage of Households owning Productive Assets............................................41
Table 5.11 Ownership of Land for Productive Purposes...........................................................41
Table 5.12 Ownership of Livestock ...........................................................................................42
Household Budget Survey 2007 – Tanzania Mainland
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Table 5.13 Percentage of Household with one or Members Participating
in Savings or Banking Activity ................................................................................42
Table 6.1 Average Consumption Expenditure Levels in 2000/01 and 2007
(28 days, TZ Shillings) ............................................................................................44
Table 6.2 Trends in Real per Capita Expenditure (28 days, 2007 TZ Shillings) .....................45
Table 6.3 Mean Expenditure per Capita by Category of Item (Nominal figures,
28 days, TZ Shillings)..............................................................................................46
Table 6.4 Mean Percentage Share of Consumption Expenditure by
Category of Expenditure .........................................................................................46
Table 7.1 Poverty Lines per Adult Equivalent for 28 days (TZ Shillings) ................................48
Table 7.2 Incidence and Depth of Poverty in Tanzania ..........................................................49
Table 7.3 Distribution of the Poor in Tanzania ........................................................................51
Table 7.4 Gini Coefficients ......................................................................................................51
Table 7.5 Percentage Share of Consumption Expenditure by Quintile...................................52
Table 7.6 Usual Number of Meals Per Day By Area (HBS 2000/01 and 2007) ......................53
Table 7.7 Mean Number of Days of Consumption of Specified Foods in
the Preceding Week (HBS 2000/01 and 2007) .......................................................53
Table 8.1 Distribution of Poverty by Household Size ..............................................................54
Table 8.2 Distribution of Poverty by Proportion of Dependants ..............................................55
Table 8.3 Distribution of Poverty by Sex of Household Head .................................................55
Table 8.4 Distribution of Poverty by Main Source of Income ..................................................56
Table 8.5 Distribution of Poverty by Main Source of Cash Income of the Household.............56
Table 8.6 Distribution of Poverty by Number of Employees....................................................57
Table 8.7 Distribution of Poverty by Education of the Household Head .................................57
Table 8.8 Percentage of children aged 7-13 who are studying by poverty status...................59
Table 8.9 Percentage of Individuals Reporting Illness or Injury by Poverty Status (HBS
2000/01 and 2007) ..................................................................................................59
Table 8.10 Frequency and Source of Health Consultations by Poverty Status (HBS 2007).....60
Table 8.11 Household Facilities by Poverty Status...................................................................60
Table 8.12 Mean Distance to Key Social Services by Poverty Status (km) ..............................61
Table 9.1 Mean Per Capita Household Monthly Income by Source (TShs, HBS 2007) .........62
Table 9.2 Percentage of Household Income by Source (HBS 2007)......................................63
Table 9.3 Distribution of Number of Income Sources per Household (HBS 2007) .................64
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Table 9.4 Mean Monthly Income per Earner by Educational Level (TShs, HBS 2007) ..........64
Table 9.5 Mean Monthly Income per Earner by Sex (TShs, HBS 2007).................................65
Table 9.6 Mean Monthly Income per Earner by Sex and Educational Level,
and Ratio of Earnings (HBS 2007 and 2000/01) ..................................................... 65
Table A.1 Share of population by domain (%).........................................................................71
Table A.2 Households Sampled, Lost and Replaced ..............................................................71
Table A.3 Sensitivity of estimates of change to percentage urban in the population ..............73
Table A.4 Trends in selected estimates for Dar es Salaam urban only population .................74
Table A.5 Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals around Selected Estimates ..................75
Table A.6 Adult equivalence scale ..........................................................................................82
Table A.7 Food Items used to calculate Price Indices with Budget Shares and
Prices for 2000/01 and 2007...................................................................................86
Table A.8 Non-food Items used to calculate Price Indices with Budget Shares and
Prices for 2000/01 and 2007...................................................................................88
Table B.1 Distribution of Number of Household Members (%)................................................90
Table B.2 Distribution of Adult Household Members by Sex, Marital Status and
Area (age 15+ years) ..............................................................................................90
Table B.3 Distribution of Household Heads by Sex, Marital Status and Area .........................91
Table B.4 Comparison of estimates of piped and protected drinking water
sources between surveys and the census ..............................................................91
Table B.5 Percentage of children attending school by single years of age
and area, sex (HBS 2007).......................................................................................92
Table B.6 Percentage of individuals ill in the last four weeks by age and sex (HBS 2007).....92
Table B.7 Mean Monthly Income per Household by Source (TShs, HBS 2007) .....................93
Table B.8 Mean Monthly Income per Earner by Sex and Level of Education (TShs, HBS
2007).......................................................................................................................94
Table B.9 Mean number of types of income source reported per household..........................94
Household Budget Survey 2007 – Tanzania Mainland
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Index of Figures
Figure 2.1 Percentage of Female-headed Households by Area (HBS 1991/92,
2000/01 and 2007) ....................................................................................................7
Figure 2.2 Marital Status of Household Heads by Sex (HBS 2007)...........................................8
Figure 3.1 Percentage of Dwellings Constructed with Modern Materials...................................9
Figure 4.1 Percentage of Adults with any Education by Sex and Area (HBS 2007) ................22
Figure 4.2 Percentage of Children Attending School by Single Years of Age and
Year of Survey (HBS 2000/01 and 2007)................................................................23
Figure 4.3 Percentage of Children Attending School by Single Years of Age and
Area (HBS 2007).....................................................................................................24
Figure 4.4 Percentage of Children Attending School by Single Years of Age and
Sex (HBS 2007) ......................................................................................................24
Figure 4.5 Percentage of Individuals Ill or Injured in the Past Four Weeks by
Age Group and Sex (HBS 2007).............................................................................28
Figure 5.1 Distribution of population 15+ years using Standard Definitions, HBS 2007 ..........34
Figure 7.1 Percentage of the Population below the Food Poverty Line, 1991/92 and 2000/0150
Figure 7.2 Percentage of the Population below the Basic Needs Poverty Line,
1991/92 and 2000/01 ..............................................................................................50
Figure 8.1 Mean Distance to Selected Facilities by Poverty Status (HBS 2000/01 & 2007)....58
Figure 8.2 Percentage of Children Studying by Poverty Status and Year
(HBS 2000/01 & 2007) ............................................................................................59
Figure 9.1 Mean Income per Earner by Sex and Educational Level ........................................66
Figure A.1 Mean Number of Household Members by Month of Survey (HBS 2000/01) .......... 79
Figure A.2 Mean Number of Household Members by Month of Survey (HBS 2007) ...............79
Figure A.3 Mean Number of Transactions recorded in the Diary by Month of Survey
(HBS 2000/01) ........................................................................................................80
Figure A.4 Mean Number of Transactions recorded in the Diary by Month of Survey 2007 ....80 |
