{"doc_desc":{"title":"TZA-NBS-IASES-2021-2022-V1","idno":"DDI-TZA-NBS-IASES-v01","producers":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","abbreviation":"NBS","affiliation":"","role":"Data Producer"}],"prod_date":"2022-11-28","version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.1 (2022)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"TZA-NBS-IASES-2021-2022-v01.","title":"Impact of Access to Sustainable Energy Survey 2021-2022","alt_title":"IASES"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance "}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Statistics Norway","affiliation":"","role":"Techinical"}],"copyright":"(c) National Bureau of Statistics","funding_agencies":[{"name":"Norwegian Agency for Development","abbreviation":"NORAD","role":"Donor"},{"name":"Statistics Norway","abbreviation":"SSB","role":"Donor"}]},"version_statement":{"version":"V.1","version_date":"2023-11-01"},"study_info":{"abstract":"The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Statistics Norway (SSB) conducted a survey named Impact of Access to Sustainable Energy Survey (IASES) from 2019 to 2022. This survey, was conducted in Mainland Tanzania and was jointly funded by the Government of Tanzania and Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). The current report builds on the Sustainable Development Goal number 7 (SDG7.) and its indicators which articulates on the need to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. \ni.\tAccess and Connection to Electricity \nMainland Tanzania uses several key indicators to measure access to electricity. The Rural Energy Agency (REA) considers households to have access if there is an electric pole in the village, hamlet, or mtaa (street). Based on this definition; the results show that, the share of households residing in communities with access to electricity is 72 percent. \nThe household is connected to electricity if there is an electric bulb in the house. According to the results, the percentage of households connected to electricity increased from 32.8 percent in 2016\/17 to 45.8 percent in 2021\/22, implying that more than 2 million households in Mainland Tanzania, have been connected to electricity over the last six years. \nThe proportion of households connected to electricity is higher in urban than in rural areas and highest in Dar es Salaam region where almost nine out of ten households are connected to electricity compared to seven out of ten connected in other urban areas, and about four out of ten connected in rural areas. \nThe percentage of households living in communities connected to electricity is large. These households are not necessarily connected but only that connection is possible in the community. Even in rural areas 2 of 3 households live in communities with connection to electricity. Remarkably, up to 95.0 percent of these communities have either a grid, mini-grid, or other sources of electricity. \nThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also cover energy services. The SDG indicator 7.1.1 considers households as having access if their supply of electricity is able to provide light for at least 4 hours a day and at least 1 hour at night on average. Overall, just above half of the households fulfil this goal. Furthermore, almost 3 of 4 households in Mainland Tanzania live in communities connected to electricity. \nAbout 30 percent of all households in Mainland Tanzania rely on grid as their main source of electricity. In Dar es Salaam this applies to almost 90 percent, while only about 10 percent of the households report grid as the main source of electricity in rural areas. About 30 percent of rural households do not have any form of electricity\nThe report also gives a detailed picture on households' access to electricity regarding capacity, availability, reliability, quality, affordability, and legality of electricity, as well as health and safety. This multi-dimensional approach identifies two main next challenges in Mainland Tanzania. The first challenge is ensuring availability and reliability of access to electricity for households with grid by ensuring the capacity of power delivery and improved maintenance of the grid-net. The second challenge is to identify the barriers for solar power in remote areas. \nii.\tCooking Solutions\nTwo out of three households in Mainland Tanzania used firewood as their main source of energy for cooking. The second most common source of energy used for cooking was charcoal, used by one out of four households. Firewood is the dominant fuel in rural areas, while charcoal dominates in urban areas. The percentage of households using modern, clean and efficient sources of energy for cooking such as electricity, biogas and LPG is small. It is two percent in Dar es Salaam, three percent in other urban areas and negligible in rural areas. \nIn urban areas, hardly any household has a traditional open charcoal burner without any option to stop or regulate the airflow to improve efficiency, and hence reduce the emission of smoke and gases.\nA considerable percentage of the households in urban areas use stoves with improved designs or even better, with a chimney. In Dar es Salaam, 9 in 10 households and in other urban areas 2 in 3 households, have stoves with some sort of improved design. In rural areas the situation is very different as only 1 out 10 households have an oven with some improved design. Cookstove efficiency is much higher in urban than in rural areas. \nKitchens in rural areas generally have the best ventilation. This is mainly due to cooking in open air or having a separate open kitchen house with at least three open sides.  \nAround half of persons engaged in cooking are exposed to emissions from the stove for about 2 hours per day. Hence, they are exposed to emissions from the main oven for a considerable time.\nTwo thirds of households in urban areas and 9 in 10 households in rural areas spend less than 5 percent of their income on fuel for cooking. The prices of fuel are generally higher in urban areas, but so is the household income. The best way of reducing the burden of households in the provision of energy for cooking in rural areas, is increasing the efficiency of cookstoves. \nThe education of the household head influences the choice of cooking solutions substantially, meaning that the more the educated household head, the more efficient is the cooking solution applied. On the other hand, gender of the household head has less impact on the choice of cooking solutions.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2021-12-16","end":"2022-02-18","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Tanzania","abbreviation":"TZA"}],"geog_coverage":"Mainland Tanzania","analysis_unit":"Households, and Communities","universe":"The Survey Covered all Sampled Households and all Communities from which Enumeration Areas were attached.","data_kind":"Census\/enumeration data [cen]","notes":"Households, and Communities"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","abbreviation":"NBS","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance"}],"sampling_procedure":"SAMPLING PROCEDURE\nThe sample for the IASES 2021\/22 in Mainland Tanzania was designed as a two-stage sample. The base for the sampling is the number of households according to the 2012 census in each domain, comprising urban areas and rural areas in each region. Hirsch approach was applied to ensure that even the smaller domains have a proper sampling size. Hence each household in the very large domains will have slightly less probability of being selected, but the estimates for these regions will still have a considerably larger accuracy. \n\nAt the first stage the enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within each domain by random systematic probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling based on the number of households in each EA as registered in the 2012 census. \n\nAt the second stage all households in a given EA were listed and a fixed take of households were selected by random systematic sampling. The rural cluster-take was 24 households while the cluster-take was slightly less (20 households) in order to balance the budget constraints and the need for as large sample size as possible.\n\nThe final sample comprised 2,580 urban households and 3,984 rural households and total of 6,564 households across Mainland Tanzania.","coll_mode":["Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]"],"research_instrument":"QUESTIONNAIRES\nThe survey covered energy access in detail as well as the impact of such access and was conducted using two different questionnaires.\ni). Household questionnaire and\n\niii). Community level questionnaire\n\nThe household questionnaire was the main survey instrument and the main topics covered were;\n\u00b7\tAA\tInterview particulars\n\u00b7\tAB\tHousehold members - Core demographics \n\u00b7\tAC\tHousehold members - Education\n\u00b7\tB\tHousehold characteristics\n\u00b7\tC\tSupply and demand of electricity\n\u00b7\tD\tWillingness to pay for a grid connection \n\u00b7\tE\tWillingness to pay for solar home system\n\u00b7\tG\tDry-Cell Batteries\n\u00b7\tF\tLamps and candles: kerosene\/paraffin\/fuel-based lighting\n\u00b7\tI\tUse of Cooking Solutions\n\u00b7\tO\tHealth Impacts\n\u00b7\tK\tWillingness to pay for an improved cookstove\n\u00b7\tJ\tSpace and water heating\n\u00b7\tL\t\tHousehold assets: transportation, electrical appliances, agricultural equipment\n\u00b7\tM\tStreet lighting\n\u00b7\tN\tTime Use - Day Time and After Dark\n\u00b7\tQ\tConsumption\/expenditure\n\u00b7\tS\tAttitudes\n\u00b7\tU\tLivelihood means\n\u00b7\tT\tWomen's empowerment\n\u00b7\tW\tSocial life and physical security\n\u00b7\tGP\tThe global pandemic and period of closed schools\n\u00b7\tX\tTelephone number for future contact\n\n\nThe Community questionnaire was administered to the village or Mtaa level. Some data from the Community questionnaire are combined in the household dataset. The community-level questionnaire was designed to collect information on;\n\n\u00b7\tA\tCommunity Identification\n\u00b7\tB\tCommunity leaders\n\u00b7\tC\tBackground\n\u00b7\tD\tSupply of electricity\n\u00b7\tH\tEnergy development project\n\u00b7\tF\tInfrastructure\n\u00b7\tG\tBusiness\n\u00b7\tI\tCooking\n\u00b7\tJ\tStreet lighting\n\u00b7\tGP\tGlobal pandemic","coll_situation":"The data collection process was orchestrated by a team of enumerators, with four enumerators assigned per team alongside one supervisor and a designated driver. Each supervisor was responsible for overseeing data collection in two regions, and the entire project was overseen by 13 team supervisors. In addition to the field teams, quality supervisors played a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the collected data. A hierarchical reporting structure was in place, with all teams reporting to the desk officer of the project, who in turn reported to the Project Manager. The Project Manager provided updates to the Director of Economic Statistics, who reported to the Statistician General, and the Statistician General gave orders to the Director. This structured reporting system ensured a streamlined flow of information, and any issues encountered during the data collection process were promptly reported through the established channel.","act_min":"Each field team comprised one supervisor, a driver and 4-5 enumerators. The teams were provided with a car, and survey tools. Each field-team covered 2 regions out of 26 regions  in Mainland Tanzania.","cleaning_operations":"DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS\n- Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) codes for data cleaning and analysis were developed using SPSS. \n- (SPSS) and STATA were used during the analysis stage and production of the Survey tables\n- Microsoft Excel was used to organize the tables, and charts and compute additional indicators\n-Arc GIS (Geographical Information System) was used in producing the maps.","method_notes":"Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports"}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of respodents is guaranteed by The Statistics Act, [Cap 351 R.E 2019] Before being granted access to the dataset,, all users have formally agree:\n\n1. All identifying information such as the name and address of respondent has been removed; and\n\n2. The information is disclosed in a manner that is not likely to enable the identification of the  particular person or undertaking or business to which it relates.\n\n3. Not attempt to identify any particular person or undertaking or business;\n\n4. Use of information for research or statistically purpose only;\n\n5. Not to disclose the information to any other person, organization\n\n6. When required by the Director General, return all documents made available to him to the Director General;\n\n7. Comply with the directions given by the Director General relating to the records.\n\n8. Every person involved in the research or statistical project for which information is disclosed pursuant to this section shall make the declaration of secrecy set out in the first schedule.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS","affiliation":"MINISTRY OF FINANCE","email":"sg@nbs.go.tz","uri":"https:\/\/nbs.go.tz"}],"cit_req":"Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:\n- the Identification of the Primary Investigator\n- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)\n- the survey reference number\n- the source and date of download\n\nExample:\n\nNational Bureau of Statistics. Impact of Access to Sustainable Energy Survey 2021\/22, Public Use File. Ref.TZA-NBS-IASES-2022-v01. Downloaded from [<https:\/\/www.nbs.go.tz\/tnada>] on [date].","conditions":"Tanzania NBS considered three levels of accessibility: \n\n1) Public use files, accessible by all\n2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions\n3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets\n\nThe dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:\n\n1. The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. \n\n2 .The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.\n\n3. No attempt will be made to produce links among dataset provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, or among data from the (National Bureau of Statistics) and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.\n\n4. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identify of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Bureau of Statistics.\n\n5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.","disclaimer":"\"The user of the data should acknowledge that, National Bureau of Statistics is the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences without a written agreement from the National Bureau of Statistics\"."}}},"schematype":"survey"}