{"doc_desc":{"title":"TZA-NBS-DHS-2022-V5","idno":"DDI-TZA-NBS-DHS-2022-v01","producers":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","abbreviation":"NBS ","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance ","role":"Documentation of the study"}],"prod_date":"2023-12-08","version_statement":{"version":"Version 01 (July 2022)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"TZA-NBS-DHS-2022-v01.","title":"The 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey","alt_title":"TDHS-MIS","translated_title":"Utafiti wa Afya ya Uzazi na Mtoto na Viashiria vya Malaria wa Mwaka 2022"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","affiliation":"NBS"},{"name":"Office of chief Government Statistician of Zanzibar","affiliation":"OCGS"},{"name":"","affiliation":""}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Tanzania Food and Nutrition","affiliation":"Ministry of Health","role":"Technical assistance "},{"name":"ICF - The DHS Program","affiliation":"","role":"Technical assistance"},{"name":"United States Agency for International Development","affiliation":"","role":"Technical assistance"}],"copyright":"Copyright: (c) 2022, National Bureau of Statistics","funding_agencies":[{"name":"The Government of Tanzania","abbreviation":"TZA","role":""},{"name":"United States Agency for International Development","abbreviation":"USAID","role":""},{"name":"The President\u2019s Malaria Initiative","abbreviation":"PMI","role":""},{"name":"Canadian International Development Agency","abbreviation":"CIDA","role":""},{"name":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","abbreviation":"CDC","role":""},{"name":"The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development  the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development  Office","abbreviation":"FCDO","role":""},{"name":"German Internal Cooperation","abbreviation":"GIZ","role":""},{"name":"Hilton Foundation","abbreviation":"HF","role":""},{"name":"Irish Aid","abbreviation":"IA","role":""},{"name":"The Royal Norwegian Embassy","abbreviation":"","role":""},{"name":"Legal and Human Rights Center","abbreviation":"LHRC","role":""},{"name":"United Nation Children Fund","abbreviation":"UNICEF","role":""},{"name":"Nutrition International","abbreviation":"NI","role":""},{"name":"Wold Food Programme","abbreviation":"WFP","role":""},{"name":"Billy Melinda Gates Foundation","abbreviation":"BMGF","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"Dr. Albina Chuwa","affiliation":"Statistician General","email":"sg@nbs.go.tz","uri":"https:\/\/mail.nbs.go.tz\/"},{"name":"Ruth Minja","affiliation":"AgDirector of Social Statistics","email":"ruth.minja@nbs.go.tz","uri":"https:\/\/mail.nbs.go.tz\/"},{"name":"Sylvia Meku","affiliation":"Manager Social Statistics Department","email":"sylvia.meku@nbs.go.tz","uri":"https:\/\/mail.nbs.go.tz\/"},{"name":"Elinzuu Nicodemo","affiliation":"Desk Officer - DHS 2022","email":"elinzuu.yohana@nbs.go.tz","uri":"https:\/\/mail.nbs.go.tz\/"}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Demographic and Health Survey [hh\/dhs]","series_info":"The 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS) is designed\nto provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in Tanzania. The 2022 TDHS-MIS is the 7th\nDemographic and Health Survey conducted in Tanzania since 1991-92 and the 5th Malaria Indicator Survey since\n2007-08. The primary objective of the survey is to provide reliable estimates of fertility levels,marriage, sexual\nactivity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition,\nchildhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, malaria, other health related issues, as well as\nprevalence of malaria infection among children under age 5. This information is intended for use by programme\nmanagers and policymakers to evaluate and improve existing programmes."},"version_statement":{"version":"V01: Anonymous dataset for public distribution.","version_date":"2022-10-28"},"study_info":{"keywords":[{"keyword":"DHS","vocab":"DHS","uri":""},{"keyword":"TDHS","vocab":"DHS","uri":""},{"keyword":"TDHS-MIS","vocab":"DHS","uri":""},{"keyword":"2022 TDHS-MIS","vocab":"DHS","uri":""}],"topics":[{"topic":"TDHS-MIS 2022","vocab":"","uri":"https:\/\/www.nbs.go.tz\/index.php\/en\/census-surveys\/health-statistics\/demographic-and-health-survey-dhs\/925-the-2022-tanzania-demographic-and-health-survey-and-malaria-indicator-survey"}],"abstract":"The 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS) is designed\nto provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in Tanzania. The 2022 TDHS-MIS is the 7th\nDemographic and Health Survey conducted in Tanzania since 1991-92 and the 5th Malaria Indicator Survey since\n2007-08. The primary objective of the survey is to provide reliable estimates of fertility levels,marriage, sexual\nactivity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition,\nchildhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, malaria, other health related issues, as well as\nprevalence of malaria infection among children under age 5. This information is intended for use by programme\nmanagers and policymakers to evaluate and improve existing programmes","time_periods":[{"start":"2022-02-24","end":"2022-07-21","cycle":""}],"coll_dates":[{"start":"2022-02-24","end":"2022-07-21","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"The United Republic of Tanzania","abbreviation":"URT"}],"geog_coverage":"Tanzania Mainland and Zazibar","analysis_unit":"The 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS) had the following  unit of Analysis: Household and Individuals","universe":"The survey covered all household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"The scope of The 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS) includes:\n-Household: This involves Household characteristics, household listing,education,etc\n-MEN: Men characteristics,Poligamy,marriage issues,HIV knowledge,domestic viiolence and sexual behaviour\n- WOMEN: Women's characteristics, child mortality,  maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV\/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavior.\n- CHILDREN: Children's characteristics, Vaccination,birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization, and anthropometry, with an optional module for child development."},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","abbreviation":"NBS","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance "},{"name":"Office of chief Government Statistician","abbreviation":"OCGS","affiliation":"President Office Of Ministry of Finance and Planning Zanzibar"}],"sampling_procedure":"The sample design for the 2022 TDHS-MIS was carried out in two stages and was intended to provide\nestimates for the entire country, for urban and rural areas in Tanzania Mainland, and for Zanzibar. For\nspecific indicators such as contraceptive use, the sample design allows for estimation of indicators for each\nof the 31 regions-26 regions in Tanzania Mainland and 5 regions in Zanzibar.\nThe sampling frame excluded institutional populations, such as persons in hospitals, hotels, barracks,\ncamps, hostels, and prisons. The 2022 TDHS-MIS followed a stratified two-stage sample design. The first\nstage involved selection of sampling points (clusters) consisting of enumeration areas (EAs) delineated for\nthe 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census (2012 PHC). The EAs were selected with a probability\nproportional to their size within each sampling stratum. A total of 629 clusters were selected. Among the\n629 EAs, 211 were from urban areas and 418 were from rural areas.\nIn the second stage, 26 households were selected systematically from each cluster, for a total anticipated\nsample size of 16,354 households for the 2022 TDHS-MIS. A household listing operation was carried out\nin all the selected EAs before the main survey. During the household listing operation, field staff visited\neach of the selected EAs to draw location maps and detailed sketch maps and to list all residential\nhouseholds found in each EA with addresses and the names of the heads of the households. The resulting\nlist of households served as a sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage. During\nthe listing operation, field teams collected global positioning system (GPS) data-latitude, longitude, and\naltitude readings-to produce one GPS point per EA. To estimate geographic differentials for certain\ndemographic indicators, Tanzania was divided into nine geographic zones. Although these zones are not\nofficial administrative areas, this classification system is also used by the Reproductive and Child Health\nSection of the Ministry of Health. Grouping of regions into zones allows for larger denominators and\nsmaller sampling errors for indicators at the zonal level. The zones are as follows:\nTanzania Mainland:\n- Western zone: Tabora, Kigoma\n- Northern zone: Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Arusha\n- Central zone: Dodoma, Singida, Manyara\n- Southern Highlands zone: Iringa, Njombe, Ruvuma\n-  Southern zone: Lindi, Mtwara\n- Southwest Highlands zone: Mbeya, Rukwa, Katavi, Songwe\n- Lake zone: Kagera, Mwanza, Geita, Mara, Simiyu, Shinyanga\n-  Eastern zone: Dar es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro\nIntroduction and Survey Methodology \u2022 3\nZanzibar:\n- Zanzibar zone: Kaskazini Unguja, Kusini Unguja, Mjini Magharibi, Kaskazini Pemba, Kusini Pemba\nAll women age 15-49 who were either usual residents or visitors in the household on the night before the\nsurvey interview were included in the 2022 TDHS-MIS and were eligible to be interviewed. In a\nsubsample of half of all households selected for the survey, all men age 15-49 were eligible to be\ninterviewed if they were either usual residents or visitors in the household on the night before the survey\ninterview. In this subsample, children age 0-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-49 were\neligible for height and weight measurement. Children age 6-59 months were also eligible for anaemia and\nmalaria testing using rapid tests. Women were eligible for anaemia testing and were asked to provide a\nurine sample for laboratory testing to detect the presence of iodine. In this subsample of half of\nhouseholds, anaemia and malaria testing were conducted using capillary blood.\nA subsample of approximately 20% of all households was selected for the micronutrient component.\nWithin those households, all interviewed women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months were eligible\nfor venous blood collection. In 40% of the households selected for micronutrient testing, a dose of vitamin\nA was administered, and an additional blood sample was collected approximately 4 hours later for relative\ndose response testing. Questions on food fortification were asked, and samples of salt, wheat flour, maize\nflour, and cooking oil were collected from the household. Blood specimens and food samples were\ncollected, processed, and sent to TFNC for storage and analysis. Drops of the venous blood collected from\nwomen and children in the field were tested on-the-spot for anaemia and malaria. Haematocrit was\nmeasured in venous blood collected from women, and all blood samples were processed on the same day\nthey were collected to prepare them for frozen storage until the start of laboratory testing. A range of\nmicronutrient laboratory analyses was carried out by TFNC. The results for all tests conducted in the 20%\nof households included in the micronutrient component will be published in a separate report. Results of\nthe anaemia testing for children and women in this micronutrient subsample using venous blood are\npublished in this report and will be included in the separate micronutrient report as well.","coll_mode":["Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]"],"research_instrument":"Five questionnaires were used for the 2022 TDHS-MIS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman\u2019s\nQuestionnaire, the Man\u2019s Questionnaire, the Biomarker Questionnaire, and the Micronutrient\nQuestionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program\u2019s Model Questionnaires, were adapted to\nreflect the population and health issues relevant to Tanzania. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker\u2019s\nQuestionnaire collected information about the survey\u2019s fieldworkers.\nThe Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected\nhouseholds. Basic demographic information was collected on characteristics of each person listed,\nincluding age, sex, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. Parents\u2019\nsurvival status was determined for children under age 18. The data on age and sex of household members\nobtained from the Household Questionnaire were used to identify women and men who were eligible for\nindividual interviews. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the\nhousehold\u2019s dwelling unit, such as source of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the\nfloor of the dwelling unit, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito nets.\nQuestions were also asked about the disability status of household members age 5 or above. The\nHousehold Questionnaire also collected information on the results of iodine tests conducted on the salt\nconsumed by households.\nThe Woman\u2019s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all eligible women age 15\u201349. These\nwomen were asked questions on the following topics:\n-  Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.)\n-  Birth history and childhood mortality\n-  Knowledge and use of family planning methods\n- Fertility preferences, antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care\n-  Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices\n-  Vaccinations and childhood illnesses\n-  Marriage and sexual activity\n- Women\u2019s work and husband\u2019s background characteristics\n- Other health issues\n- Adult mortality, including maternal mortality\n- Female genital cutting\n- Early childhood development\n- Malaria\n- Domestic violence\nThe Man\u2019s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15\u201349 in the subsample of households selected\nfor the men\u2019s survey. The Man\u2019s Questionnaire collected much of the same information found in the\nWoman\u2019s Questionnaire, but it was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or\nquestions on maternal and child health.\nThe Biomarker Questionnaire was used to record anthropometric (height and weight) measurements for\nchildren under age 5 and women and men age 15\u201349; to record anaemia test results for children age 6\u201359\nmonths and women age 15\u201349; to record malaria rapid test results for children age 6\u201359 months; and to\ndocument responses to requests to women age 15\u201349 to collect urine samples for laboratory testing of\nurinary iodine. The samples were to be tested later for iodine at the TFNC laboratory.\nA Micronutrient Questionnaire was used to record anthropometric measurements, anaemia and malaria test\nresults, and haematocrit results for women and to document the outcome of venous blood collection\nprocedures and, in the relevant subset, the time for each step in the vitamin A relative dose response test.\nThe Fieldworker Questionnaire recorded basic background information on the people collecting data in the\nfield, including the team supervisors, computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) supervisors,\ninterviewers, and biomarker technicians.\nThe questionnaires and the survey protocol, including administration of questionnaires and collection of\nbiomarkers, were approved by the Medical Research Council of Tanzania and the Zanzibar Health\nResearch Institute and reviewed by ICF\u2019s Internal Review Board (IRB).","coll_situation":"Data collection was carried out by 18 field teams, 3 teams for Zanzibar and 15 teams for Tanzania\nMainland. Each team was provided with two vehicles (four-wheel drive trucks) with two drivers. Each\nteam consisted of a team supervisor, a CAPI supervisor, three female interviewers, one male interviewer,\nand four biomarker technicians (two for standard biomarkers and two for micronutrients). During\nfieldwork, EA maps, listing forms, and local leaders assisted the field staff in identifying the sampled\nclusters and households. The team leaders and CAPI supervisors were responsible for data quality in the\nfield.\nFieldwork monitoring was an integral part of the 2022 TDHS-MIS. Quality control teams consisted of staff\nfrom NBS, OCGS, TFNC, and the ministry responsible for health from both Tanzania Mainland and\nZanzibar. Fieldwork monitoring involved visiting teams regularly to ensure that the survey was conducted\naccording to the survey protocol and providing real time solutions to field challenges by observing the\nbiomarker measurements of eligible respondents. All biomarker questionnaires and urine specimens were\nsent to the nearest TFNC laboratory every week. Field check tables were generated regularly from\nSyncloud to monitor data quality and fieldwork progress. For field teams with specific problems, quality\ncontrol staff provided specific instructions to help those teams to improve their performance, otherwise\nfeedback was regularly provided to all field teams. ICF provided technical assistance during the entire 5-\nmonth data collection period, which ran from 24 February to 21 July 2022. All teams completed their first\ncluster in Kilimanjaro region. Data collection in other regions started in March 2022.","act_min":"The role of the supervisor was to coordinator field data collection activities, including management of the field teams, supplies and equipment, finances, maps and listings, coordinate with local authorities concerning the survey plan and make arrangements for accommodation and travel. Additionally, the field supervisor assigned the work to the interviewers, spot checked work, maintained field control documents, and sent completed questionnaires and progress reports to the central office.  \n\nThe field editor was responsible for reviewing each questionnaire at the end of the day, checking for missed questions, skip errors, fields incorrectly completed, and checking for inconsistencies in the data.  The field editor also observed interviews and conducted review sessions with interviewers.\n\nResponsibilities of the supervisors and field editors are described in the Instructions for Supervisors and Field Editors, together with the different field controls that were in place to control the quality of the fieldwork.\n\nField visits were also made by a team of central staff on a periodic basis during fieldwork. The senior staff of GenCenStat also made 3 visits to field teams to provide support and to review progress.","weight":"The sample design for the 2022 TDHS-MIS was carried out in two stages and was intended to provide\nestimates for the entire country, for urban and rural areas in Tanzania Mainland, and for Zanzibar. For\nspecific indicators such as contraceptive use, the sample design allows for estimation of indicators for each\nof the 31 regions\u201426 regions in Tanzania Mainland and 5 regions in Zanzibar.\nThe sampling frame excluded institutional populations, such as persons in hospitals, hotels, barracks,\ncamps, hostels, and prisons. The 2022 TDHS-MIS followed a stratified two-stage sample design. The first\nstage involved selection of sampling points (clusters) consisting of enumeration areas (EAs) delineated for\nthe 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census (2012 PHC). The EAs were selected with a probability\nproportional to their size within each sampling stratum. A total of 629 clusters were selected. Among the\n629 EAs, 211 were from urban areas and 418 were from rural areas.\nIn the second stage, 26 households were selected systematically from each cluster, for a total anticipated\nsample size of 16,354 households for the 2022 TDHS-MIS. A household listing operation was carried out\nin all the selected EAs before the main survey. During the household listing operation, field staff visited\neach of the selected EAs to draw location maps and detailed sketch maps and to list all residential\nhouseholds found in each EA with addresses and the names of the heads of the households. The resulting\nlist of households served as a sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage. During\nthe listing operation, field teams collected global positioning system (GPS) data\u2014latitude, longitude, and\naltitude readings\u2014to produce one GPS point per EA. To estimate geographic differentials for certain\ndemographic indicators, Tanzania was divided into nine geographic zones. Although these zones are not\nofficial administrative areas, this classification system is also used by the Reproductive and Child Health\nSection of the Ministry of Health. Grouping of regions into zones allows for larger denominators and\nsmaller sampling errors for indicators at the zonal level.","cleaning_operations":"Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:\na) Office editing and coding\nb) During data entry\nc) Structure checking and completeness\nd) Secondary editing"},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"A total of 16,312 households were selected for the 2022 TDHS-MIS sample. This number is slightly less than the targeted sample size of 16,354 because one EA could not be reached due to security reasons, while a few EAs had less than the targeted 26 households. Of the 16,312 households selected, 15,907 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 15,705 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 15,699 women age 15\u201349 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 15,254 women, yielding a response rate of 97%. In the subsample (50% of households) of households selected for the male questionnaire, 6,367 men age 15\u201349 were identified as eligible for individual interviews, and 5,763 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 91%."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of respondents is guaranteed by The Statistics Act, [Cap 351 R.E 2019] Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have formally agreed:\n\n1. All identifying information such as the name and address of respondent has been removed; \n\n2. The information is disclosed in a manner that is not likely to enable the identification of the particular person or undertaking or business to which it relates.\n\n3. Not attempt to identify any particular person or undertaking or business;\n\n4. Use of information for research or statistically purpose only;\n\n5. Not to disclose the information to any other person, organization\n\n6. When required by the Director General, return all documents made available to him to the Director General;\n\n7. Comply with the directions given by the Director General relating to the records.\n\n8. Every person involved in the research or statistical project for which information is disclosed pursuant to this section shall make the declaration of secrecy set out in the first schedule.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance ","email":"sg@nbs.go.tz","uri":"https:\/\/www.nbs.go.tz\/index.php\/en\/"}],"cit_req":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania]. 2022. The 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey Report (2022 TDHS-MIS) . Dodoma, Tanzania: NBS.","conditions":"Tanzania NBS considered three levels of accessibility: \n\n1) Public use files, accessible by all\n2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions\n3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets\n\nThe dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:\n\n1. The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. \n\n2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.","disclaimer":"The user of the data should acknowledge that, Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics is the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences without a written agreement from the National Bureau of Statistics\"."}}},"schematype":"survey"}